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[(to)-394(th)15(e)-399.7(V)0(R)-390(con)12.8(dit)13.7(ion)13.9(s)-392.6(eno)12.8(ugh)-389.2(ti)14.8(me)-396.2(to)-388.2(int)13.7(era)11.7(ct)-389.4(wit)12.8(h)-398.5(t)0(h)15(e)-399.7(VR)]TJ
T*
[(env)12.8(iro)13.9(nme)11.6(nt)14.9(s.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
-.0156 Tc
[(Befo)-15.6(r)11(e)-305.8(ea)-15.6(c)8.7(h)-304.7(col)-15.6(d)-294.4(wate)-15.6(r)-295.4(i).5(mmer)-15.6(s)11.2(i).5(o)-15.6(n)11(,)-307(a)-.6(n)-304.7(a)-.6(dd)-15.6(i)10.9(tio)-15.6(n)11(a)-.6(l)-304.8(t).5(a)-15.6(n)9.8(k)-304.7(w)-.3(i)-15.6(t)10.7(h)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1174 TD
0 Tc
[(w)15.3(a)15(rm)-377.8(wa)24.6(t)16.1(e)15(r)-392.7(\()16.2(32)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
6.4797 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.3801 0 TD
[(C)15.2(\))-392.7(w)15.3(a)15(s)-392.6(u)16.2(se)25.6(d)-392.8(f)16.2(o)16.2(r)-392.7(s)16.4(t)0(a)25.3(b)16.2(i)16.1(l)0(i)26.3(z)15(a)15(t)16.1(io)26.5(n)-392.8(o)16.2(f)-392.7(h)16.2(a)15(n)16.2(d)-392.8(t)16.1(em)24.2(-)]TJ
-6.8598 -1.1116 TD
-.0156 Tc
[(per)-15.6(a)9.9(tur)-15.6(e)9.9(.)-312.8(A)-317.1(d)-15.6(i)10.9(git)-15.6(a)9.7(l)-316.3(t).5(her)-15.6(m)9.8(omete)-15.6(r)-306.9(to)-316.2(meas)-15.6(u)11.2(r).6(e)-317.4(h).6(an)-15.6(d)-305.8(t).5(empe)-15.6(r)9.9(atu)-15.6(r)11(e)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(a)15(n)16.2(d)-208.4(a)0(n)-193.4(a)0(t)25.3(m)15(o)16.2(s)16.4(ph)26.6(e)15(r)16.2(ic)-193.6(th)26.5(e)15(r)16.2(m)15(o)0(m)25.4(e)15(t)16.1(e)15(r)-208.4(t)16.1(o)-208.4(m)15(ea)24.3(s)16.4(u)16.2(re)-193.4(ro)26.6(o)16.2(m)-209.7(t)16.1(e)15(m)15(p)16.2(er)25.5(a)15(t)16.1(ur)26.6(e)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0157 Tc
[(wer)-15.7(e)-289.7(us)-15.7(e)9.9(d).5(.)-301.4(T)-.7(he)-300.2(r)-15.7(o)10.9(om)-300.2(t)-15.7(e)9.6(mper)-15.7(a)9.8(t).4(ure)-305.9(was)-304.6(mainta)-15.7(i)9.6(ned)-304.8(a)-.7(t)-299.2(2).5(2)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
22.0078 0 TD
0 Tc
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.3801 0 TD
-.0152 Tc
(C.)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 72 111.4582 Tm
0 Tc
(Hardware.)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 122.1165 111.4582 Tm
[(The)-443.4(VR)-441.8(environments)-448.8(were)-439.5(displayed)-444.3(with)]TJ
-6.1053 -1.1174 TD
[(two)-321.1(BARCO)-327.1(ID)-319.8(R600)-322.2(projectors)-318.6(controlled)-324.7(by)-319(a)-324.8(computer.)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(They)-352.3(were)-347.4(projected)-353.4(onto)-344.4(a)-347.8(2.43)-352.3(meter)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
16.2712 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(1.82)-346.6(meter)-354.7(screen)]TJ
-16.9911 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-506.6(a)-509.1(resolution)-507.7(of)-509(1024)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
11.266 0 TD
()Tj
/F4 1 Tf
.72 0 TD
[(768)-504.4(pixels.)-506.6(The)-512.5(distance)-507.7(be-)]TJ
-11.9859 -1.1174 TD
[(tween)-256.5(the)-252.3(screen)-251.8(and)-252.1(the)-252.3(participant,)-255.7(who)-251.8(was)-252.8(provided)-252(with)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(StereoGraphics)-308.8(Corp.)-302.6(polarized)-301.6(3D)-302.6(glasses,)-301(was)-304.6(2)-300.6(meters.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 725.7825 Tm
(Software.)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 369.8078 725.7825 Tm
[(The)-299.4(VR)-303.6(env)12.8(iro)13.9(nme)11.6(nts)-297(wer)12(e)-307.5(m)0(o)13.9(del)12.7(ed)-302.9(and)-298.2(ani)12.7(-)]TJ
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[(mat)11.4(ed)-199.2(wit)12.8(h)-208.4(3)0(D)-198.9(Stu)14(dio)-193.5(Max)-195.4(8.)-200.4(Ado)13.1(be)-199.2(Pho)14.1(tos)14(hop)-193.4(7)-208.4(was)-195.2(use)13(d)-202.7(t)0(o)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(cre)11.7(ate)-351.3(the)-350.2(di)14.9(ffe)12.9(ren)12.9(t)-358.3(tex)12.7(tur)13.9(es.)-346.4(Vir)13(too)13.9(ls)-353.5(3.)12.7(5)-358.2(\(Ed)12.8(uca)11.7(tio)13.7(na)13.9(l)-358.3(Ver)12(-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(sio)14(n\))-330.5(was)-321.9(use)13(d)-329.4(t)0(o)-324.9(pro)14(gra)12.8(m)-330.6(phy)14(sic)12.9(al)-326(and)-321.2(vis)14(ual)-327.1(eff)12.9(ec)12.8(ts,)-322.3(suc)13(h)]TJ
T*
[(tha)12.7(t)-295(the)-286.8(par)12.8(tic)12.6(ipa)12.7(nt)-290.3(cou)12.8(ld)-290.3(int)13.7(era)11.7(ct)-291.5(wi)14.1(th)-290.3(the)-286.8(VR)-292.1(env)12.8(iro)13.9(nme)11.6(nt.)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 657.014 Tm
(Measures)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 640.5731 Tm
[(There)-302.7(were)-307.1(ve)-298(pain-related)-306.2(measures:)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 618.6896 Tm
[(Pain)-231.3(threshold.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 391.1243 618.6896 Tm
[(Pain)-207.1(threshold)-206.9(was)-206.7(dened)-204.6(as)-204.8(the)-206.2(number)]TJ
-7.9311 -1.1116 TD
[(of)-376.5(seconds)-378.3(of)-370.8(immersion)-376.4(in)-376.7(the)-373.2(cold)-374.3(pressor)-377(tank)-374.3(until)-380.3(the)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(participant)-252.2(reported)-247.3(that)-247.7(the)-246.5(cold)-247.6(sensation)-248.3(rst)-246.1(began)-249.7(to)-244.2(feel)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
(painful.)Tj
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 561.8833 Tm
[(Pain)-433.7(tolerance.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 392.9385 561.8833 Tm
[(Pain)-397.2(tolerance)-394.9(was)-396.8(dened)-394.7(as)-389.1(the)-396.3(total)]TJ
-8.1154 -1.1116 TD
[(number)-400.6(of)-393.8(seconds)-401.3(that)-397.5(each)-399.6(participant)-396.2(kept)-397.4(his/her)-400.6(hand)]TJ
T*
[(immersed)-307.2(in)-301.8(the)-298.3(cold)-305.2(water.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 518.0597 Tm
[(Pain)-383.1(sensitivity)-377.9(range.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 420.718 518.0597 Tm
[(Pai)12.8(n)-335.2(sen)13(sit)13.9(ivi)13.7(ty)-330.6(ran)12.8(ge)-331.7(\(PS)14.3(R\))-331.5(was)]TJ
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[(de)13(ned)-338.5(as)-337.2(the)-338.7(to)15(tal)-338.8(num)12.7(be)13.9(r)-346.6(o)0(f)-336.2(sec)11.8(ond)14(s)-346.5(tha)12.7(t)-341(pas)13(sed)-338.3(be)13.9(twe)11.8(en)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(the)-505.7(par)12.9(tic)12.6(ipa)18.5(nt)-509.2(rs)14.4(t)-513.8(r)0(e)14(por)14(tin)13.7(g)-513.7(tha)12.7(t)-508.1(the)-505.7(co)13.9(ld)-509.2(sen)13(sat)12.9(ion)-498.8(had)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(be)13.9(gu)20.8(n)-150.8(t)0(o)-134.8(f)0(e)13.9(e)0(l)-141.7(p)0(a)19.7(i)0(n)20.7(f)0(u)20.9(l)-151(\(p)20.9(ai)19.6(n)-150.9(t)0(h)20.7(r)0(e)19.7(s)0(h)15.3(o)0(l)20.7(d)0(\))-140.4(a)0(n)19.7(d)-150.8(th)20.7(e)-152(p)0(o)20.8(i)0(n)20.7(t)-151(at)-141.7(wh)20(ic)19.6(h)-150.8(h)0(i)20.7(s)0(/)]TJ
T*
[(he)13.9(r)-237.2(h)0(a)19.7(n)0(d)-232.6(w)0(a)18.8(s)-242.8(wi)19.8(th)20.7(dr)20.9(aw)18.8(n)-243(f)0(r)20.9(o)0(m)-233.8(t)0(h)20.7(e)-238.4(co)19.7(ld)-232.7(wa)18.8(te)19.5(r)-243(\()0(p)20.9(a)0(i)19.6(n)-243(to)20.7(le)19.5(ra)19.7(nc)19.7(e\))19.7(.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 452.296 Tm
[(Strongest)-308.8(pain)-313.7(intensity.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 427.918 452.296 Tm
-.026 Tc
[(T)-11(h)-26(e)-277(s)-9.6(t)-26(r).5(o)-9.8(n)-9.8(g)-26(es)-9.6(t)-286.4(p)-26(ai)-9.9(n)-286.3(i)-26(nt)-10(e)-11(n)-26(si)-9.9(t)-10(y)-292(w)-10.7(a)-11(s)]TJ
-11.6692 -1.1116 TD
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[(a)-15.8(s)9.8(ses)-15.8(s)11.2(ed)-316.4(w)-15.8(i)9.8(th)-316.4(a)-317.6(v)-15.8(i)10.7(s).6(ua)-15.8(l)-307.3(a)-.8(nalo)-15.8(g)-306(s).6(ca)-15.8(l)9.5(e)-317.6(\(VA)-15.8(S)10.1(\))-316.4(t).3(ha)-15.8(t)-307.3(c)-.8(ons)-15.8(i)10.9(s).6(te)-15.8(d)-307.1(o).4(f)-316.4(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.016 Tc
[(l)-16(i)10.3(ne)-231.4(with)-230.2(two)-230.2(a)-1(nc)-16(h)9.4(ors)-16(:)-214()46.3(no)-230.2(pai)-16(n)10.5()52.1()-230.2(and)-230.2()52.1()-16(t)10.5(he)-231.4(most)-230.3(int)-16(e)9.3(nse)-231.4(p).2(ai)-16(n)10.5(.)-2.1()52.1()]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
0 Tc
[(Im)25.4(m)15(e)15(d)16.2(ia)25.3(t)16(e)15(l)16(y)-300.6(a)15(f)16.2(te)25.3(r)-294.8(w)15.3(it)26.3(h)16.2(d)16.2(r)0(a)25.5(w)15.3(a)15(l)16.1(,)-297.2(p)0(a)25.4(r)16.2(t)16.1(i)0(c)25.3(i)16.1(p)16.2(a)15(nt)26.5(s)-294.7(w)0(e)24.6(r)16.2(e)-296(a)0(s)25.6(k)16.2(e)15(d)-300.6(t)16.1(o)-300.6(r)16.2(a)15(t)16(e)]TJ
T*
-.0157 Tc
[(t)-15.7(h)10.8(e)-329(s)-15.7(t)11(r).5(en)-15.7(g)10.9(t).4(h)-333.6(o).5(f)-327.8(t)-15.7(h)10.8(e)-329(mo)-15.7(s)11.1(t)-333.7(inten)-15.7(s)11.1(e)-329(p)-15.7(a)9.7(i).4(n)-333.6(t).3(hey)-333.6(h).5(ad)-333.6(felt)-333.7(dur)-15.7(i)10.8(n).5(g)-333.6(t).3(he)]TJ
T*
[(p)-15.8(r)10.8(oce)-15.8(d)9.6(ure)-329.1(by)-327.9(ma)-15.8(k)9.6(i).3(ng)-327.9(a)-329.1(v).4(er)-15.8(t)10.7(i).3(cal)-328.1(ma)-15.8(r)9.7(k)-327.9(on)-327.9(the)-329.1(p).4(o)-15.8(i)10.7(nt)-328.1(of)-327.9(th)-15.8(e)-312.9(l)-15.8(i)10.5(n).4(e)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(t)-15.7(h)10.8(at)-299.2(they)-299(con)-15.7(s)11.1(ide)-15.7(r)9.8(ed)-299(repr)-15.7(e)9.8(s).7(en)-15.7(t)10.8(a)-.7(tiv)-15.7(e)-284(o).5(f)-299(t).4(h)-15.7(e)9.7(ir)-299(pain)-15.7(.)-285.2(T)-.7(he)-300.2(dist)-15.7(a)9.6(n).5(ce)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.0159 Tc
[(f)-15.9(r)10.8(om)-392.6(the)-386.8(l)-15.9(e)9.4(f).3(t)-385.8(a)-15.9(n)9.5(c)-.9(ho)-15.9(r)-375.2(t).2(o)-391.4(t).2(he)-386.8(v)-15.9(e)9.5(rti)-15.9(c)9.4(al)-385.8(ma)-15.9(r)9.6(k)-385.6(s)-15.9(e)9.7(rve)-15.9(d)-376.4(a)-.9(s)-391.2(t).2(he)-392.5(pain)]TJ
T*
0 Tc
[(ra)25.5(t)16.1(i)16.1(n)0(g)-272.9(f)16.2(o)16.2(r)-289(t)16(h)16.2(e)-290.2(s)16.4(t)16(r)16.2(on)26.6(g)16.2(e)15(st)-272.8(p)16.2(a)15(in)-273(i)16.1(n)16.2(te)25.3(n)16.2(s)16.4(it)26.3(y)16.2(.)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 342.7086 Tm
[(Estimation)-424.3(of)-425.3(time.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 408.1888 342.7086 Tm
[(Participants)-385.5(were)-387.7(asked)-382(to)-382.5(estimate)]TJ
-9.6648 -1.1116 TD
[(how)-309.4(long)-304(they)-305.2(thought)-301.7(they)-305.2(had)-304(had)-304(their)-306.4(hand)-305.1(in)-307.6(the)-304.1(water)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
[(by)-307.5(the)-304.1(time)-306.6(of)-307.4(withdrawal.)-306.9(The)-305.2(difference)-309.4(between)-306(the)-309.9(esti-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(mated)-302.9(and)-304(real)-300.6(time)-306.6(was)-298.9(calculated.)]TJ
1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(Two)-304.9(cognitive)-300.6(measures)-306.9(were)-301.3(used:)]TJ
/F8 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 323.0361 276.9448 Tm
[(In)-305.1(vivo)]TJ
/F1 1 Tf
3.212 0 TD
[(pain)-307.4(catastrophizing.)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 442.9416 276.9448 Tm
[(Th)13.9(is)-267.1(was)-258.6(ass)13.2(ess)13.2(ed)-268.3(usi)14(ng)-261.4(the)]TJ
-13.1955 -1.1116 TD
[(13-)14(ite)12.6(m)-503.4(Pai)12.8(n)-496.4(Cat)11.6(ast)12.9(rop)14(hiz)12.7(ing)-487.2(Sca)11.8(le)-498.8(\(PC)13.1(S)]TJ
7.3823 0 0 6.5614 484.2708 270.3684 Tm
(14)Tj
9.843 0 0 9.843 491.5841 266.0031 Tm
[(\).)-494.1(Sub)14.1(jec)11.5(ts)-491.7(are)]TJ
-18.1373 -1.1116 TD
[(ask)13(ed)-325.9(to)-319.1(re)13(ect)-316.8(on)-324.7(pas)13(t)-323.8(epi)12.7(sod)14.2(es)-320(of)-324.7(pai)12.7(n)-323.6(and)-315.5(to)-324.9(ra)14(te)-326(usi)14(ng)-319(a)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0167 Tc
[(5-p)5.2(oi)5.1(nt)-340.5(scale)-341.5(t)-.6(h)5.2(e)-347.3(fr)5.3(eq)5.2(uency)-346.1(o)5.2(f)-346.1(t)-.6(h)5.2(e)-347.3(cat)5.1(a)-1.7(st)5.1(ro)5.2(ph)5.2(ic)-341.5(cog)5.2(n)-.5(i)5.1(t)-.7(i)5.1(o)-.5(n)5.2(s)-345.9(de-)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.0191 Tc
[(sc)-4.1(ribe)-4.1(d)-377.3(i)2.7(n)-377.3(e)-4.1(ac)-4.1(h)-377.3(i)2.7(tem)-4.1(.)-373.9(Scores)-377.1(c)-4.1(an)-377.3(be)-378.5(computed)-377.3(for)-377.3(t)-3(hree)-378.5(sub-)]TJ
T*
-.0169 Tc
[(scales:)-398.3(h)5(el)4.9(pl)4.9(es)5.2(sness)5.2(,)-400.5(ru)5(minati)4.9(on)5(,)-400.5(a)3.9(nd)-398.1(mag)5(n)-.7(i)4.9()-.5(cat)4.9(i)-.8(o)5(n)-.7(.)-394.7(S)-.5(tand)5(ar)5.1(d)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0167 Tc
[(PCS)-322.9(i)-.6(n)5.2(s)-.3(tr)5.3(ucti)5.1(on)5.2(s)-328.6(a)-1.7(n)5.2(d)-328.8(i)5.1(t)-.6(ems)-328.6(w)4.4(er)5.3(e)-330(m)4(od)5.2(ied)-328.8(s)5.4(l)-.6(i)5.1(ght)5.1(ly)-323.1(in)-328.8(o)5.2(r)-.5(d)5.2(e)-1.7(r)-328.8(t)5.1(o)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
-.0171 Tc
[(ass)5(e)-2.1(s)5(s)-340.5(catastr)4.9(o)-.9(p)4.8(h)-.9(i)4.7(z)-2.1(i)4.7(n)-.9(g)-340.7(c)3.7(og)4.8(ni)4.7(tio)4.8(ns)-340.5(i)4.7(n)-340.7(relati)4.7(on)-340.7(to)-340.7(t)4.7(h)-.9(e)-341.9(c)3.7(ol)4.7(d)-340.7(w)-1.8(ater)]TJ
T*
-.0175 Tc
[(immers)4.6(ion)-231.7(\()-1.3(e.g.,)-234(b)-1.3(y)-237.5(a)3.3(sk)4.4(in)4.4(g)-237.5(s)-1.1(u)4.4(b)-1.3(j)4.3(e)-2.5(cts)-231.5(t)-1.4(o)-237.5(c)3.3(on)4.4(si)4.3(der)-237.4(s)-1.1(t)4.3(a)-2.5(t)4.3(e)-2.5(men)4.4(t)-1.5(s)-237.3(s)4.6(uch)]TJ
0 -1.1174 TD
-.0169 Tc
[(as)-253.9()51.2()-.7(Th)5(ere)-255.3(w)4.2(as)-253.9(n)5(o)-.7(t)4.9(h)-.7(i)4.9(n)-.7(g)-254.1(I)-254.1(c)-1.9(o)5(u)-.7(l)4.9(d)-254.1(do)-254.1(t)4.9(o)-254.1(reduce)-255.3(t)-.8(h)5(e)-255.3(in)5(tens)5.2(it)4.9(y)-259.9(o)5(f)-254.1(t)-.8(h)5(e)]TJ
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[(Cognitive)-333.6(measures)]TJ
/F4 1 Tf
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[(\(2,)-203.9(74\))]TJ
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[(0.05)-15.6(,)-187.2(a)-15.6(n)9.8(d)]TJ
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[(o)16.2(n)-507.9(th)26.5(e)-509.1(H)15.3(e)15(l)16.1(pl)26.5(e)15(s)16.4(sn)26.8(e)15(s)0(s)-497.1(s)16.4(u)16.2(b)16.2(s)0(c)25.6(a)15(l)16.1(e)-509.1(of)-497.5(t)16.1(h)16.2(e)-509.1(P)16.3(CS)25.7(,)]TJ
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[(\(2,)-526.5(74\))]TJ
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24.1504 15.0271 TD
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[(du)26.6(c)15(i)16.1(ng)-342(p)16.2(a)0(i)25.3(n)16.2(,)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
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[(\(2,)-371(74)-16.2(\))]TJ
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[(0.63)-15.6(,)]TJ
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[(0)16.2(.)13.9(53)26.6(;)-352.6(P)0(C)25.7(S)-358(t)16.1(o)16.2(t)16.1(a)15(l)-358.3(s)16.4(co)25.4(r)16.2(e)15(s,)]TJ
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[(74)26.6(\))]TJ
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[(1.)30(25)26.6(,)]TJ
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[(\(2,)-232.7(74\))]TJ
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[(0.353)-15.7(,)]TJ
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[(\(2,)-716.6(74)-16.2(\))]TJ
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[(0.20)-15.6(,)]TJ
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(0.81.)Tj
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0 Tc
[(Post)-372.8(hoc)-378.9(comparisons)-372.5(revealed)-382.2(that)-374.4(self-efcacy)-375.8(for)-377.6(tol-)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(erating)-229.1(pain)-224.6(was)-229.8(signicantly)-228.8(higher)-226.7(and)-223.3(helplessness)-229.3(ratings)]TJ
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[(signicantly)-338.3(lower)-335.9(during)-329.2(the)-332.9(VRC)-334.5(condition,)-331.7(as)-337.2(compared)]TJ
0 -1.1116 TD
[(with)-662.1(the)-661.2(Non-VR)-660.2(condition.)-660(No)-653.9(signicant)-664.2(differences)]TJ
T*
[(emerged)-306.1(in)-301.8(any)-298.2(of)-301.7(the)-304.1(other)-300.5(comparisons)-303.4(\(see)-306(Table)-302.9(2\).)]TJ
/F3 1 Tf
8.9663 0 0 8.9663 313.0582 372.8692 Tm
(Discussion)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
9.843 0 0 9.843 323.0361 356.4283 Tm
[(The)-466.4(aim)-460.8(of)-462.9(the)-465.4(present)-465(study)-460.5(was)-465.9(to)-463.1(test)-466.4(whether)-466(two)]TJ
-1.0137 -1.1116 TD
[(different)-548.1(VR)-545.5(interventions,)-550.3(designed)-541(for)-544.6(pain)-547.1(distraction)]TJ
T*
[(\(VRD\))-371.1(and)-367.3(pain)-368.6(control)-372(\(VRC\),)-368.9(had)-367.3(differential)-374.2(effects)-368.2(on)]TJ
ET
62.022 719.433 490.167 .28345 re
f
62.022 530.249 490.167 .28351 re
f
62.022 700.497 490.167 .22681 re
f
BT
/F6 1 Tf
9.845 0 0 9.845 167.5275 725.1588 Tm
(Table)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
3.0002 0 TD
(1.)Tj
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1.2496 0 TD
[(Effects)-338.5(of)-331.2(Interventions)-338.5(on)-331.2(Pain-Related)-336(Measures)]TJ
/F9 1 Tf
-4.9005 -1.8658 TD
[(Non-VR)-5808.1(VRD)-6979.7(VRC)-6288.9(Pairs)-334.2(comparisons)-340.8([95%)-333(CI])]TJ
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37.6148 0 TD
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[(VRD*)-334.8([)]TJ
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(97.83,)Tj
/F7 1 Tf
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(2.43])Tj
-11.7014 -1.0135 TD
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
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[(37.77,)-333.2(53.73])]TJ
-6.5935 -1.0078 TD
(VRC)Tj
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[(No-VR)-335.8(\()]TJ
/F7 1 Tf
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(5.54)Tj
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(O)Tj
/F4 1 Tf
1.002 0 TD
(89.85\))Tj
-44.6863 -1.3187 TD
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[(VRD**)-335.8([)]TJ
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(159.95,)Tj
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(35.93])Tj
-12.6976 -1.0135 TD
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[(VRC)-334(\()]TJ
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(62.83)Tj
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(56.12\))Tj
-9.8471 -1.0078 TD
(VRC)Tj
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[(No-VR)-335.8(**\(39.29)]TJ
/F11 1 Tf
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(163.30\))Tj
-45.2967 -1.3187 TD
[(Pain)-333.4(sensitivity)-2811.2(27.46)-329.8(\(19.50\))-2900.1(75.28)-335.6(\(78.64\))-3401.1(86.61)-329.8(\(100.31\))-2164(No-VR)]TJ
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[(VRD)-339.6([)]TJ
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[(99.59,)-333.2(3.97])]TJ
-7.4804 -1.0135 TD
(VRD)Tj
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(61.00,)-333.2(38.33])]TJ
-6.5935 -1.0077 TD
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[(No-VR*)-331.1(\(7.36)]TJ
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/F4 1 Tf
1.002 0 TD
(110.93\))Tj
-44.3005 -1.3187 TD
[(Pain)-333.4(intensity)-3477.3(99.08)-329.8(\(24.36\))-2900.1(95.57)-335.6(\(35.02\))-2900.1(113.25)-330.8(\(75.23\))-2664(No-VR)]TJ
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[(VRD)-339.6([)]TJ
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[(31.31,)-333.2(38.34])]TJ
-7.4804 -1.0077 TD
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(38.34,)-333.2(31.31])]TJ
-6.5935 -1.0135 TD
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[(No-VR)-335.8(\()]TJ
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(49.00\))Tj
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[(Time)-335.9(estimation)]TJ
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[(4.80)-328.8(\(24.01\))]TJ
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[(21.92)-335.6(\(110.53\))]TJ
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[(61.66)-329.8(\(72.70\))-2664(No-VR)]TJ
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[(39.42,)-333.2(72.40])]TJ
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(14.91,)-333.2(95.66])]TJ
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[(No-VR)-335.8(*)-329.2(\()]TJ
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(0.95\))Tj
8.7511 0 0 8.7511 70.0157 518.4565 Tm
[(Data)-335.6(are)-334.3(mean)-332.1(\()]TJ
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(\).)Tj
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[(0.05;)-327.1(**)]TJ
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(0.001.)Tj
ET
62.022 299.395 490.167 .28348 re
f
62.022 77.329 490.167 .28348 re
f
62.022 280.46 490.167 .22678 re
f
BT
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9.845 0 0 9.845 136.9133 305.1212 Tm
(Table)Tj
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[(Effects)-338.5(of)-331.2(Interventions)-338.5(on)-331.2(Cognitive)-339.1(Measures)-331.9(Related)-335.8(to)-330(Pain)]TJ
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[(Non-VR)-5387.8(VRD)-6553.6(VRC)-5413.6(Pairs)-334.2(comparisons)-335([95%)-333(CI])]TJ
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[(166.49,)-334.2(28.93])]TJ
-7.4746 -1.0135 TD
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(125.17,)-328.4(62.41])]TJ
-6.5935 -1.0077 TD
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[(No-VR*)-336.8(\(3.30)]TJ
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(197.02\))Tj
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[(Self-efcacy)-340(reduction)-2476.3(3.47)-334.6(\(1.44\))-3469.2(3.59)-334.6(\(1.30\))-3976(3.88)-334.6(\(1.31\))-2974(No-VR)]TJ
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[(1.03,)-337.9(0.80])]TJ
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[(1.17,)-332.2(0.58])]TJ
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[(3.59,)-337.9(10.05])]TJ
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(5.44,)-332.2(7.76])]TJ
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[(No-VR)-335.8(\()]TJ
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(2.43\))Tj
-46.3217 -1.3187 TD
[(Helplessness)-6062.3(10.22)-335.6(\(4.53\))-3469.2(7.78)-334.6(\(5.96\))-3976(5.75)-334.6(\(4.30\))-2974(No-VR)]TJ
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[(1.12,)-337.9(6.01])]TJ
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[(VRC)-334([)]TJ
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[(1.45,)-332.2(5.52])]TJ
-6.5935 -1.0135 TD
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