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Title: | Legal situation and current practice of waste incineration bottom ash utilisation in Europe |
Author: | Blasenbauer, Dominik Huber, Florian Lederer, Jakob Quina, Margarida J. Blanc-Biscarat, D. Bogush, Anna Bontempi, Elza Dahlbo, Helena Blondeau, Julien Fagerqvist, Johan Chimenos Ribera, Josep Ma. Giró Paloma, Jessica Hjelmar, Ole Hyks, Jiri Keaney, Jackie Lupsea-Toader, Maria O'Caollai, Cahterine Joyce Orupõld, Kaja Simon, Frank Georg Svekova, Lenka Syc, Michal Ulvang, Roy Vaajasaari, Kati Van Caneghem, Jo Van Zomeren, Andre Vasarevicius, Saulius Wégner, Krisztina Fellner, Joahnn |
Keywords: | Eliminació de residus Incineració Legislació Refuse and refuse disposal Incineration Legislation |
Issue Date: | 1-Feb-2020 |
Publisher: | Elsevier Ltd |
Abstract: | Almost 500 municipal solid waste incineration plants in the EU, Norway, and Switzerland generate about 17.6 Mt/a of incinerator bottom ash (IBA). IBA contains minerals and metals. Metals are mostly separated and sold to the scrap market and minerals are either disposed of in landfills or utilised in the construction sector. Since there is no uniform regulation for IBA utilisation at EU level, countries developed own rules with varying requirements for utilisation. As a result from a cooperation network between European experts an up-to-date overview of documents regulating IBA utilisation is presented. Furthermore, this work highlights the different requirements that have to be considered. Overall, 51 different parameters for the total content and 36 different parameters for the emission by leaching are defined. An analysis of the defined parameter reveals that leaching parameters are significantly more to be considered compared to total content parameters. In order to assess the leaching behaviour nine different leaching tests, including batch tests, up-flow percolation tests and one diffusion test (monolithic materials) are in place. A further discussion of leaching parameters showed that certain countries took over limit values initially defined for landfills for inert waste and adopted them for IBA utilisation. The overall utilisation rate of IBA in construction works is approximately 54 wt.%. It is revealed that the rate of utilisation does not necessarily depend on how well regulated IBA utilisation is, but rather seems to be a result of political commitment for IBA recycling and economically interesting circumstances. |
Note: | Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031 |
It is part of: | Waste Management, 2020, vol. 102, p. 868-883 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2445/149520 |
Related resource: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.031 |
ISSN: | 0956-053X |
Appears in Collections: | Articles publicats en revistes (Ciència dels Materials i Química Física) |
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