Modelos complejos para la estimación del gasto público universitario en el marco del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior. Convergencia territorial y disfunciones

Abstract

[spa] En los últimos años, el sistema universitario está experimentando numerosos e importantes cambios. Son muchos los esfuerzos que se han dedicado hacia la generalización del acceso al sistema y, como consecuencia, a la captación de estudiantes intentando dar respuesta, por ejemplo, al descenso demográfico que se ha hecho patente. Existen múltiples perspectivas desde las que desarrollar los efectos de los últimos años de modificación del sistema de Educación Superior y, por tanto, parece necesario comenzar a evaluar los cambios no sólo desde una perspectiva política, también desde una perspectiva científica y, en especial, desde la Economía Social. Así pues, con la adaptación al Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior las diferencias entre países se han hecho aún más evidentes, motivo por el cual la evaluación de las consecuencias de este proceso está suscitando el interés en las instituciones y, además, se convierte en objeto de atención científica. Medir y evaluar el impacto que provocan las inversiones realizadas en cada uno de los países, las diferencias entre ellos, el poder de arrastre de la Educación Superior, las distintas velocidades con las que los países son capaces de asimilar los cambios, se convierten en preguntas básicas con necesidad de respuesta.

[eng] In recent years, the university system is undergoing several important changes. Many efforts have been devoted to widespread access to the system and, therefore, the recruitment of students trying to answer. for example, the demographic decline has become apparent. There are many perspectives from which to develop the effects of recent years to modify the system of higher education and, therefore, seems necessary to begin to assess changes not only from a political perspective, also from a scientific perspective, and especially since Social Economy. So, with adaptation to the European Higher Education Area differences between countries has become even more obvious, reason why the evaluation of the consequences of this process is raising the interest in institutions and also becomes the object of scientific attention. Measure and evaluate the impact that investment in each country, the differences between them: the pulling power of higher education, the different rates at which countries are able to assimilate the changes, they become questions basic need of response.

The objective of this thesis is to analyze and model the European university spending from empirical field, so that it is possible to know and test the existence of differences between countries. To this end, mathematical and statistical models constructed with the aim of helping the group of university managers and policy makers in their task of programming and identify further needs in the regulation or on the contextual factors related to government budgets.

In connection with the expenditure invested in the European university system, it is interesting to analyze both their performance as some of the inefficiencies such as absenteeism as a social fact. Making a theoretical and empirical approach to this event helps to know what the real causes and, thus, it is possible to establish proposals for change and improvement in the system to combat this outflow of resources invested and non productive.