Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: http://hdl.handle.net/2445/48966
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dc.contributor.authorSureda, Xisca-
dc.contributor.authorFernández Muñoz, Esteve-
dc.contributor.authorLópez, María José-
dc.contributor.authorNebot, Manel-
dc.date.accessioned2014-01-16T11:02:18Z-
dc.date.available2014-01-16T11:02:18Z-
dc.date.issued2013-07-01-
dc.identifier.issn0091-6765-
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2445/48966-
dc.description.abstractBackground: Some countries have recently extended smoke-free policies to particular outdoor settings; however, there is controversy regarding whether this is scientifically and ethically justifiable. Objectives: The objective of the present study was to review research on secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure in outdoor settings. Data sources: We conducted different searches in PubMed for the period prior to September 2012. We checked the references of the identified papers, and conducted a similar search in Google Scholar. Study selection: Our search terms included combinations of"secondhand smoke,""environmental tobacco smoke,""passive smoking" OR"tobacco smoke pollution" AND"outdoors" AND"PM" (particulate matter),"PM2.5" (PM with diameter ≤ 2.5 µm),"respirable suspended particles,""particulate matter,""nicotine,""CO" (carbon monoxide),"cotinine,""marker,""biomarker" OR"airborne marker." In total, 18 articles and reports met the inclusion criteria. Results: Almost all studies used PM2.5 concentration as an SHS marker. Mean PM2.5 concentrations reported for outdoor smoking areas when smokers were present ranged from 8.32 to 124 µg/m3 at hospitality venues, and 4.60 to 17.80 µg/m3 at other locations. Mean PM2.5 concentrations in smoke-free indoor settings near outdoor smoking areas ranged from 4 to 120.51 µg/m3. SHS levels increased when smokers were present, and outdoor and indoor SHS levels were related. Most studies reported a positive association between SHS measures and smoker density, enclosure of outdoor locations, wind conditions, and proximity to smokers. Conclusions: The available evidence indicates high SHS levels at some outdoor smoking areas and at adjacent smoke-free indoor areas. Further research and standardization of methodology is needed to determine whether smoke-free legislation should be extended to outdoor settings.-
dc.format.extent8 p.-
dc.format.mimetypeapplication/pdf-
dc.language.isoeng-
dc.publisherNational Institute of Environmental Health Science-
dc.relation.isformatofReproducció del document publicat a: http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205806-
dc.relation.ispartofEnvironmental Health Perspectives, 2013, vol. 121, num. 7, p. 766-773-
dc.relation.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205806-
dc.rightsCC0 (c) Sureda, Xisca et al., 2013-
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/*
dc.sourceArticles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)-
dc.subject.classificationTabac-
dc.subject.classificationFum-
dc.subject.classificationContaminació de l'ambient interior-
dc.subject.classificationContaminació atmosfèrica-
dc.subject.classificationMalalties cardiovasculars-
dc.subject.otherTobacco-
dc.subject.otherSmoke-
dc.subject.otherIndoor air pollution-
dc.subject.otherAtmospheric pollution-
dc.subject.otherCardiovascular diseases-
dc.titleSecondhand tobacco smoke exposure in open and semi-open settings: a systematic review-
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article-
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion-
dc.identifier.idgrec624936-
dc.date.updated2014-01-16T11:02:19Z-
dc.rights.accessRightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess-
dc.identifier.pmid23651671-
Appears in Collections:Articles publicats en revistes (Ciències Clíniques)
Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL))

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