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Title: | Liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate with simultaneous water removal catalyzed by ion exchange resins |
Author: | Iborra Urios, Montserrat Tejero Salvador, Xavier Fité Piquer, Carles Ramírez Rangel, Eliana Cunill García, Fidel |
Keywords: | Alcohol butílic Catàlisi Resines de bescanvi iònic Butanol Catalysis Ion exchange resins |
Issue Date: | 15-Jun-2019 |
Publisher: | Elsevier |
Abstract: | The liquid-phase synthesis of butyl levulinate by esterification of levulinic with an excess of 1-butanol (initial molar ratio 1:3) and simultaneous water removal has been studied at atmospheric pressure and at the boiling point of the reacting medium. The catalytic performance of ten commercial sulfonic resins has been compared: four gel-type and six macroreticular. For both type of resins the levulinic acid conversion was complete after 4-6h and no byproducts derived from the acid were detected. Selectivity of 1-butanol towards the ester was about 95%, di-butyl ether and butenes being the detected 1-butanol-derived byproducts. Among the tested catalysts, gel-type resins with low crosslinking degree showed the highest activity, what could be attributed to a higher accessibility to active centers in polar medium. In additional experiments where initial reactants content was at stoichiometric relation, the levulinic acid conversion was lower (82-85%), while selectivity of 1-butanol towards the ester was slightly higher, because of the lower 1-butanol concentration. |
Note: | Versió postprint del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.011 |
It is part of: | Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 2019, vol. 78, p. 222-231 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2445/137297 |
Related resource: | https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2019.06.011 |
ISSN: | 1226-086X |
Appears in Collections: | Articles publicats en revistes (Enginyeria Química i Química Analítica) |
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