Análisis de los seguros del ramo de vida. Visión general y funcionamiento

Abstract

[spa] La esencia de este trabajo es dotar al lector de una visión general de los seguros de vida y obtener en que medida el precio de los seguros se ve incrementado por costes ajenos al riesgo cubierto. Para ello se ha decidido combinar el estudio de elementos históricos y de mercado con procedimientos de cálculo para conocer tanto la naturaleza de estos como su funcionamiento. El informe está estructurado en cinco bloques temáticos en los que se abarcará la historia de los seguros de vida, los tipos existentes, un análisis del mercado español de estos productos, las distintas primas existentes y finalmente, un análisis actuarial en que se realizará el cálculo de la prima pura para casos reales de seguros de vida, para así de la diferencia entre la prima ofertada por la compañía y la prima pura poder dar respuesta la cuestión del precio e incluso comparar precios.

[eng] One of the most popular type of insurance are the once related with the human life. The importance of life insurance is reflected in the fact that it forms one of the two great blocks into which the insurances are divided. It is because of its magnitude and special properties compared to other insurances that this kind of products must be analysed. In this context the two main objective of this project is to provide the reader with an overview of life insurance products and the market in which this kind of policies operates and to calculate in which measure the price of insurances increase as a consequence of costs that are not related with the risk that is covered. To make it possible these products will be analysed from different perspective with the aim of providing a general idea of their characteristics and its operative. The project first introduces the history of life insurance from its remote origin to the present of these. In second place the different types of life insurance will be defined and classified into three categories base on their coverages. To know more about the Spanish market of this kind of products it will be analysed different aspects of it as the life insure culture from the Spanish, the evolution and composition of this market, the main companies that are operating in the sector, Spain’s position on Europe in relation to these products and a projection of what is expected of this kind of insurances in the future. Before carrying out the actuarial analysis, the different types of premiums will be defined and then, in the last section, it will be done the calculation of the pure premium of different real insurance in order to compare it with the total premium. So, doing this it will be possible to know what is the part of the price that does not correspond correspond with the cost of the risk of covering the insured against the contingencies of death or survival. This concept is defined in this project as non-actuarial cost and it will let to know why insurers offer different price for identical products.