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Title: | Promising application of metformin in Alzheimer's disease |
Author: | Rabiei Poor, Saghar Ettcheto Arriola, Miren Cano Fernández, Amanda Sánchez-López, E. (Elena) Manzine, Patrícia Regina Olloquequi, Jordi Camins Espuny, Antoni Javan, Mohammad |
Keywords: | Malaltia d'Alzheimer Diabetis Resistència a la insulina Metformina Alzheimer's disease Diabetes Insulin resistance Metformin |
Issue Date: | 1-Sep-2021 |
Publisher: | MDPI |
Abstract: | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most devastating brain disorders. Currently, there are no effective treatments to stop the disease progression and it is becoming a major public health concern. Several risk factors are involved in the progression of AD, modifying neuronal circuits and brain cognition, and eventually leading to neuronal death. Among them, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have attracted increasing attention, since brain insulin resistance can contribute to neurodegeneration. Consequently, AD has been referred to "type 3 diabetes" and antidiabetic medications such as intranasal insulin, glitazones, metformin or liraglutide are being tested as possible alternatives. Metformin, a first line antihyperglycemic medication, is a 5′-adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activator hypothesized to act as a geroprotective agent. However, studies on its association with age-related cognitive decline have shown controversial results with positive and negative findings. In spite of this, metformin shows positive benefits such as anti-inflammatory effects, accelerated neurogenesis, strengthened memory, and prolonged life expectancy. Moreover, it has been recently demonstrated that metformin enhances synaptophysin, sirtuin-1, AMPK, and brain-derived neuronal factor (BDNF) immunoreactivity, which are essential markers of plasticity. The present review discusses the numerous studies which have explored (1) the neuropathological hallmarks of AD, (2) association of type 2 diabetes with AD, and (3) the potential therapeutic effects of metformin on AD and preclinical models. Keywords: Alzheimer's disease; diabetes mellitus; metformin; insulin resistance; beta amyloid; tau protein hyperphosphorylation; AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK) |
Note: | Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14090890 |
It is part of: | Pharmaceuticals, 2021, vol. 14, num. 9 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2445/181358 |
Related resource: | https://doi.org/10.3390/ph14090890 |
ISSN: | 1424-8247 |
Appears in Collections: | Articles publicats en revistes (Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica) Articles publicats en revistes (Bioquímica i Fisiologia) Articles publicats en revistes (Farmàcia, Tecnologia Farmacèutica i Fisicoquímica) |
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