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Title: | Co-benefits from sustainable dietary shifts for population and environmental health: an assessment from a large European cohort study |
Author: | Laine, Jessica E. Huybrechts, Inge Gunter, Marc J. Ferrari, Pietro Weiderpass, Elisabete Tsilidis, Kostas Aune, Dagfinn Schulze, Matthias B. Bergmann, Manuela Temme, Elisabeth H. M. Boer, Jolanda M. A. Agnoli, Claudia Ericson, Ulrika Stubbendorff, Anna Ibsen, Daniel B. Dahm, Christina C. Deschasaux, Mélanie Touvier, Mathilde Kesse Guyot, Emmanuelle Sánchez Pérez, Maria Jose Rodríguez Barranco, Miguel Tong, Tammy Y. N. Papier, Keren Knuppel, Anika Boutron Ruault, Marie Christine Mancini, Francesca Severi, Gianluca Srour, Bernard Kühn, Tilman Masala, Giovanna Agudo, Antonio Skeie, Guri Rylander, Charlotta Sandanger, Torkjel M. Riboli, Elio Vineis, Paolo |
Keywords: | Assaigs clínics Canvi climàtic Salut pública Dieta Clinical trials Climatic change Public health Diet |
Issue Date: | 1-Oct-2021 |
Publisher: | Elsevier BV |
Abstract: | Background Unhealthy diets, the rise of non-communicable diseases, and the declining health of the planet are highly intertwined, where food production and consumption are major drivers of increases in greenhouse gas emissions, substantial land use, and adverse health such as cancer and mortality. To assess the potential co-benefits from shifting to more sustainable diets, we aimed to investigate the associations of dietary greenhouse gas emissions and land use with all-cause and cause-specific mortality and cancer incidence rates. Methods Using data from 443 991 participants in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study, a multicentre prospective cohort, we estimated associations between dietary contributions to greenhouse gas emissions and land use and all-cause and cause-specific mortality and incident cancers using Cox proportional hazards regression models. The main exposures were modelled as quartiles. Co-benefits, encompassing the potential effects of alternative diets on all-cause mortality and cancer and potential reductions in greenhouse gas emissions and land use, were estimated with counterfactual attributable fraction intervention models, simulating potential effects of dietary shifts based on the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Findings In the pooled analysis, there was an association between levels of dietary greenhouse gas emissions and all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 1.13 [95% CI 1.10-1.16]) and between land use and all-cause mortality (1.18 [1.15-1.21]) when comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile. Similar associations were observed for cause-specific mortality. Associations were also observed between all-cause cancer incidence rates and greenhouse gas emissions, when comparing the fourth quartile to the first quartile (adjusted HR 1.11 [95% CI 1.09-1.14]) and between all-cause cancer incidence rates and land use (1.13 [1.10-1.15]); however, estimates differed by cancer type. Through counterfactual attributable fraction modelling of shifts in levels of adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet, we estimated that up to 19-63% of deaths and up to 10-39% of cancers could be prevented, in a 20-year risk period, by different levels of adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet. Additionally, switching from lower adherence to the EAT-Lancet reference diet to higher adherence could potentially reduce food-associated greenhouse gas emissions up to 50% and land use up to 62%. Interpretation Our results indicate that shifts towards universally sustainable diets could lead to co-benefits, such as minimising diet-related greenhouse gas emissions and land use, reducing the environmental footprint, aiding in climate change mitigation, and improving population health. |
Note: | Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00250-3 |
It is part of: | The Lancet Planetary Health, 2021, vol. 5, num. 11, p. e786-e796 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2445/181794 |
Related resource: | https://doi.org/10.1016/S2542-5196(21)00250-3 |
Appears in Collections: | Articles publicats en revistes (Institut d'lnvestigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL)) |
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