Espiritualidad, razón y discordias: el budismo ahora y aquí

Abstract

[spa]Esta tesis trata sobre el trasplante del Budismo a España desde la óptica de los agentes adaptadores o los otros significantes. El estudio de la religión es un tema clásico en la Sociología desde sus comienzos y, durante décadas, se ha concebido como un pilar autónomo y relativamente separado de otras esferas sociales. El presente estudio parte de una perspectiva sociológica amplia, donde la religión no es una cuestión separable del resto de la sociedad. Especialmente en las últimas décadas la esfera religiosa europea ha sufrido muchos cambios, en gran medida provocados por cambios sociales asociados a la Modernización tecnológica y la configuración de un mundo global. Recientemente las tradiciones Budistas han vivido una gran expansión fuera de su contexto asiático original.

[eng] “Spirituality, Rationalism and Discordances: Buddhism now and here” This thesis deals with the transplantation of Buddhism to Spain under the perspective of adaptors or significant others. Buddhist traditions have recently undergone a major expansion outside its original Asian context. At the crossroads between modernity, rationalism, the industrial revolution and the dawn of secularization is where Buddhism shoots its popularity beyond Asia. By the end of the 60s will begin the meditation boom in countercultural circles, partly fuelled by contact with exiled Tibetan teachers. Buddhist traditions spread throughout Europe since the late 70's will also reach Spain. In this process of global spreading, the various Buddhist traditions and schools have experienced important adaptation to new contexts, especially in modern industrialized countries like the U.S. and Canada, Australia or Europe. Under a global configuration Buddhism is no longer exotic and distant for some sectors of "Western" countries. Spain is not an exception in modern Buddhist expansion. This thesis aims to provide a sociological approach toward the Buddhist phenomenon in the Spanish context. It examines the logic of how the modernization generates new forms of religiosity and spirituality, offering a wide avenue for the introduction of Buddhism as a valid alternative. The notions of religious supermarket enable the identification of significant others as the supply-side. Theories of religious transplantation provide a framework at organisational level to analyze the models generated, how they adapt and what they offer to spiritual seekers. To do so primary data are gathered and analysed. A thorough study based on a comprehensive questionnaire and unpublished, accompanied by interviews with teachers and key informants in the process of introduction of Buddhism, form the empirical basis of this paper. Finally, we propose a set of criteria for the construction of a typology to classify and sort the different approaches that arise after transplantation phenomenon, leading to the modelling of three models. Will this proposal is that qualifying is applicable to other worldviews and other contexts