Crisi econòmica, dèficit fiscal i sobiranisme a Catalunya

Abstract

[cat] En aquest treball, s’ha analitzat a través d’un anàlisi macroeconòmic l’economia catalana, espanyola i europea, per tal d’observar l’impacte que la crisi iniciada l’any 2008 ha tingut sobre aquestes, i poder constatar mitjançant una comparació, el grau en que la crisi ha afectat Catalunya. Un cop vistos els efectes de la crisi, s’ha procedit a l’estudi del dèficit fiscal català. S’ha analitzat les diferents formes de càlcul de les Balances Fiscals, a través dels mètodes de flux monetari i flux càrrega benefici, neutralitzant o no el dèficit públic estatal. Posteriorment, s’ha aprofundit en la controvèrsia existent sobre el dèficit fiscal a Catalunya. Finalment, amb l’objectiu d’establir relacions entre l’evolució de la crisi, el dèficit fiscal i l’augment del sobiranisme a Catalunya, s’ha contrastat un conjunt de dades significatives d’enquestes d’opinió realitzades a la població catalana.

[eng] In this paper, the Catalan economy has been analyzed with macroeconomic analysis to observe the impact the crisis that began in 2008 has had on it. It has also been studied the results in Catalonia in opposition to those in Spain and Europe (Euro Zone and European Union), to see the extent or degree to which the crisis has affected Catalonia. Once having extracted results of this anlalysis and viewed the crisis effects, it has been proceeded to study the fiscal deficit between Catalonia and Spain. Concerning this fiscal deficit the different ways to calculate the Fiscal Balances, have been analyzed through cash flow and fiscal incidence methods, by neutralizing or not the State deficit. In this part, a huge differentiation has been made between the ‘’Separatists’’ (supporters of the independence for Catalonia and the separation from Spain) and the ‘’Unionists’’ (supporters to maintain the current relations between Catalonia and Spain), to facilitate the subsequent controversy existing in the phenomenon of fiscal deficit. Finally, a discussion on different aspects has been exposed. The most significant of these points are those which have allowed to establish a relationship between the crisis and the rise of sovereignty and, moreover, between the existing structural fiscal deficit and the increasing of independence.