# name
The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future
                Implications

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The first confirmed case of Zika virus infection in the Americas
                was reported in Northeast Brazil in May 2015, although
                phylogenetic studies indicate virus introduction as early as
                2013. Zika rapidly spread across Brazil and to more than 50
                other countries and territories on the American continent. The
                Aedesaegypti mosquito is thought to be the principal vector
                responsible for the widespread transmission of the virus.
                However, sexual transmission has also been reported. The
                explosively emerging epidemic has had diverse impacts on
                population health, coinciding with cases of Guillain-Barre
                Syndrome and an unexpected epidemic of newborns with
                microcephaly and other neurological impairments. This led to
                Brazil declaring a national public health emergency in November
                2015, followed by a similar decision by the World Health
                Organization three months later. While dengue virus serotypes
                took several decades to spread across Brazil, the Zika virus
                epidemic diffused within months, extending beyond the area of
                permanent dengue transmission, which is bound by a climatic
                barrier in the south and low population density areas in the
                north. This rapid spread was probably due to a combination of
                factors, including a massive susceptible population, climatic
                conditions conducive for the mosquito vector, alternative
                non-vector transmission, and a highly mobile population. The
                epidemic has since subsided, but many unanswered questions
                remain. In this article, we provide an overview of the discovery
                of Zika virus in Brazil, including its emergence and spread,
                epidemiological surveillance, vector and non-vector transmission
                routes, clinical complications, and socio-economic impacts. We
                discuss gaps in the knowledge and the challenges ahead to
                anticipate, prevent, and control emerging and re-emerging
                epidemics of arboviruses in Brazil and worldwide.

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Reproducció del document publicat a:
                http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15010096

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International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
                Health, 2018, vol. 15, num. 1, p. E96

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
The Zika Virus Epidemic in Brazil: From Discovery to Future
                Implications