# name
Health effects of non-occupational exposure to oil extraction

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Oil extraction may cause extensive environmental impact that can
                affect health of populations living in surrounding areas. Large
                populations are potentially exposed to oil extraction related
                contamination through residence in areas where oil extraction is
                conducted, especially in low and middle income countries
                (LMICs). Health effects among people residentially exposed to
                upstream oil industry contaminants have been poorly studied.
                Health effects of exposure to oil related contamination have
                been mainly studied among cleanup workers after oil spills from
                tankers or offshore platforms.In this paper we aim to identify
                the type and extension of residential exposures related to oil
                extraction activities and to comment on the few health studies
                available. We estimated that 638 million persons in LMICs
                inhabit rural areas close to conventional oil reservoirs. It is
                relevant to specifically study people residentially exposed to
                upstream oil industry for the following reasons: First, persons
                are exposed during long periods of time to oil related
                contamination. Second, routes of exposure differ between workers
                and people living close to oil fields, who can be exposed by
                ingestion of contaminated waters/foods and by dermal contact
                with contaminated water and/or land during daily activities
                (e.g. bathing, agricultural activities, etc.). Third,
                individuals potentially more susceptible to the effect of oil
                related contamination and not normally occupationally exposed,
                such as infants, children, pregnant women, elderly or people
                with previous health conditions, are also exposed.There are few
                papers studying the potential health effects of residential
                exposure to oil related contamination, and most of them share
                important limitations. There is a need for more research through
                the conduct of methodologically robust studies in exposed
                populations worldwide. Despite the difficulties in the conduct
                of studies in remote areas, novel approaches, such as
                measurement of individual exposure using biomarkers of exposure
                and effect, should be used. These studies should be promoted to
                understand the health risks associated to residential exposure
                to oil related contamination, support effective control policies
                to avoid such contamination and to sustain public health
                recommendations and policies to avoid exposure in already
                contaminated areas.

# metadata.dc.relation.ispartof[].value
Environmental Health, 2016, vol. 15, num. 56

# metadata.dc.rights[].value
cc by (c) O'Callaghan Gordo et al., 2016

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
Health effects of non-occupational exposure to oil extraction