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High Rates of Asymptomatic, Sub-microscopic Plasmodium vivax Infection and Disappearing Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in an Area of Low Transmission in Solomon Islands

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
INTRODUCTION: Solomon Islands is intensifying national efforts
                to achieve malaria elimination. A long history of indoor
                spraying with residual insecticides, combined recently with
                distribution of long lasting insecticidal nets and
                artemether-lumefantrine therapy, has been implemented in Solomon
                Islands. The impact of these interventions on local endemicity
                of Plasmodium spp. is unknown. METHODS: In 2012, a
                cross-sectional survey of 3501 residents of all ages was
                conducted in Ngella, Central Islands Province, Solomon Islands.
                Prevalence of Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P.
                malariae was assessed by quantitative PCR (qPCR) and light
                microscopy (LM). Presence of gametocytes was determined by
                reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). RESULTS: By
                qPCR, 468 Plasmodium spp. infections were detected (prevalence =
                13.4%; 463 P. vivax, five mixed P. falciparum/P. vivax, no P.
                ovale or P. malariae) versus 130 by LM (prevalence = 3.7%; 126
                P. vivax, three P. falciparum and one P. falciparum/P. vivax).
                The prevalence of P. vivax infection varied significantly among
                villages (range 3.0-38.5%, p<0.001) and across age groups
                (5.3-25.9%, p<0.001). Of 468 P. vivax infections, 72.9% were
                sub-microscopic, 84.5% afebrile and 60.0% were both
                sub-microscopic and afebrile. Local residency, low education
                level of the household head and living in a household with at
                least one other P. vivax infected individual increased the risk
                of P. vivax infection. Overall, 23.5% of P. vivax infections had
                concurrent gametocytaemia. Of all P. vivax positive samples,
                29.2% were polyclonal by MS16 and msp1F3 genotyping. All five P.
                falciparum infections were detected in residents of the same
                village, carried the same msp2 allele and four were positive for
                P. falciparum gametocytes. CONCLUSION: P. vivax infection
                remains endemic in Ngella, with the majority of cases afebrile
                and below the detection limit of LM. P. falciparum has nearly
                disappeared, but the risk of re-introductions and outbreaks due
                to travel to nearby islands with higher malaria endemicity
                remains.

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PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2015, vol. 9, num. 5, p. e0003758

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
High Rates of Asymptomatic, Sub-microscopic Plasmodium vivax Infection and Disappearing Plasmodium falciparum Malaria in an Area of Low Transmission in Solomon Islands