# name
A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking
                with asthma

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Background: Mothers' smoking during pregnancy increases asthma
                risk in their offspring. There is some evidence that
                grandmothers' smoking may have a similar effect, and biological
                plausibility that fathers' smoking during adolescence may
                influence offspring's health through transmittable epigenetic
                changes in sperm precursor cells. We evaluated the
                three-generation associations of tobacco smoking with asthma.
                Methods: Between 2010 and 2013, at the European Community
                Respiratory Health Survey III clinical interview, 2233 mothers
                and 1964 fathers from 26 centres reported whether their
                offspring (aged </=51 years) had ever had asthma and whether
                it had coexisted with nasal allergies or not. Mothers and
                fathers also provided information on their parents'
                (grandparents) and their own asthma, education and smoking
                history. Multilevel mediation models within a multicentre
                three-generation framework were fitted separately within the
                maternal (4666 offspring) and paternal (4192 offspring) lines.
                Results: Fathers' smoking before they were 15 [relative risk
                ratio (RRR) = 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-2.01] and
                mothers' smoking during pregnancy (RRR = 1.27, 95% CI:
                1.01-1.59) were associated with asthma without nasal allergies
                in their offspring. Grandmothers' smoking during pregnancy was
                associated with asthma in their daughters [odds ratio (OR) =
                1.55, 95% CI: 1.17-2.06] and with asthma with nasal allergies in
                their grandchildren within the maternal line (RRR = 1.25, 95%
                CI: 1.02-1.55). Conclusions: Fathers' smoking during early
                adolescence and grandmothers' and mothers' smoking during
                pregnancy may independently increase asthma risk in offspring.
                Thus, risk factors for asthma should be sought in both parents
                and before conception.

# metadata.dc.relation.isformatof[].value
Reproducció del document publicat a:
                http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyy031

# metadata.dc.relation.ispartof[].value
International Journal of Epidemiology, 2018

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
A three-generation study on the association of tobacco smoking
                with asthma