# name
Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Mortality: A
                Health Impact Assessment for Cities

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
BACKGROUND: By 2050, almost 70% of people globally are projected
                to live in urban areas. As the environments we inhabit affect
                our health, urban and transport designs that promote healthy
                living are needed. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the number of
                premature deaths preventable under compliance with international
                exposure recommendations for physical activity (PA), air
                pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces. METHODS: We
                developed and applied the Urban and TranspOrt Planning Health
                Impact Assessment (UTOPHIA) tool to Barcelona. Exposure
                estimates and mortality data were available for 1357361
                residents. We compared recommended with current exposure levels.
                We quantified the associations between exposures and mortality
                and calculated population attributable fractions to estimate the
                number of premature deaths preventable. We also modeled
                life-expectancy and economic impacts. RESULTS: We estimated that
                annually almost 20% of mortality could be prevented if
                international recommendations for performance of PA, exposure to
                air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green space were
                complied with. Estimations showed that the biggest share in
                preventable deaths was attributable to increases in PA, followed
                by exposure reductions in air pollution, traffic noise and heat.
                Access to green spaces had smaller effects on mortality.
                Compliance was estimated to increase the average life expectancy
                by 360 (95% CI: 219, 493) days and result in economic savings of
                9.3 (95% CI: 4.9; 13.2) billion euro per year. CONCLUSIONS: PA
                factors and environmental exposures can be modified by changes
                in urban and transport planning. We emphasize the need for (1)
                the reduction of motorized traffic through the promotion of
                active and public transport and (2) the provision of green
                infrastructure, which are both suggested to provide PA
                opportunities and mitigation of air pollution, noise, and heat.

# metadata.dc.publisher[].value
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences

# metadata.dc.relation.isformatof[].value
Versió postprint del document publicat a:
                http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/EHP220

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Mortality: A
                Health Impact Assessment for Cities