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Determination of pyrethroids in commercial insecticidal and antiparasitic products using gas chromatography

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Treballs Finals de Grau de Química, Facultat de Química, Universitat de Barcelona, Any: 2026, Tutor: Francisco Javier Santos Vicente

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Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides derived from pyrethrins, substances extracted from chrysanthemum flowers that affect the neurological functions of insects. These synthetic compounds were developed as a more effective and persistent alternative to their natural counterparts, resulting in substances that are increasingly toxic to insects and exhibit greater persistence in the environment. Due to their high efficacy and favorable properties, pyrethroids are widely used as pesticides across a broad range of applications. The type of pyrethroid and its concentration in biocidal products are strictly regulated, and governmental authorities promote the selection of compounds with higher efficacy and minimal potential risks.
In this project, different methods for the detection and quantification of pyrethroids commercial insecticidal and antiparasitic products have been developed. The optimization and validation of an analytical procedure for the determination of these substances in various matrices were carried out with the aim of producing a practical laboratory guide for students of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory. Specifically, four pyrethroids present in sprays, lotions, aerosols and antiparasitic collars were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The sample preparation process was adapted according to the matrix’s nature, primarily employing liquid-liquid extractions and solvent dilution of the product to ensure adequate determination of the active compounds while minimizing the presence of interfering substances. Subsequently, appropriate chromatographic separations and quantification were performed for each pyrethroid detected in the products. The developed methods achieved extraction yields above 80% for liquid-liquid extraction and standard deviations below 15%. The method proposed for the determination of pyrethroids in aerosols by sample dilution did not allow the determination of cypermethrin in aerosols due to significant matrix effects.
The developed determination methods allowed to prepare laboratory practice guides for students of the Analytical Chemistry Laboratory, using equipment available in the laboratory, for the determination of permethrin, tetramethrin and deltamethrin in different biocidal products.

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Determination of pyrethroids in commercial insecticidal and antiparasitic products using gas chromatography

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Determinació de piretroides en insecticides i antiparasitaris comercials mitjançant cromatografia de gasos