# name
Urinary Arsenic Speciation in Children and Pregnant Women from
                Spain

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Inorganic arsenic (i-As) is a non-threshold human carcinogen
                that has been associated with several adverse health outcomes.
                Exposure to i-As is of particular concern among pregnant women,
                infants and children, as they are specifically vulnerable to the
                adverse health effects of i-As, and in utero and early-life
                exposure, even low to moderate levels of i-As, may have a marked
                effect throughout the lifespan. Ion chromatography-mass
                spectrometry detection (IC-ICP-MS) was used to analyse urinary
                arsenic speciation, as an exposure biomarker, in samples of
                4-year-old children with relatively low-level arsenic exposure
                living in different regions in Spain including Asturias,
                Gipuzkoa, Sabadell and Valencia. The profile of arsenic
                metabolites in urine was also determined in samples taken during
                pregnancy (1st trimester) and in the children from Valencia of 7
                years old. The median of the main arsenic species found in the
                4-year-old children was 9.71 mug/l (arsenobetaine-AsB), 3.97
                mug/l (dimethylarsinic acid-DMA), 0.44 mug/l (monomethylarsonic
                acid-MMA) and 0.35 mug/l (i-As). Statistically significant
                differences were found in urinary AsB, MMA and i-As according to
                the study regions in the 4-year-old, and also in DMA among
                pregnant women and their children. Spearman's correlation
                coefficient among urinary arsenic metabolites was calculated,
                and, in general, a strong methylation capacity to methylate i-As
                to MMA was observed.

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
Urinary Arsenic Speciation in Children and Pregnant Women from
                Spain