# name
WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A
                Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Cardiovascular and
                Metabolic Effects: A Summary

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
To update the current state of evidence and assess its quality,
                we conducted a systematic review on the effects of environmental
                noise exposure on the cardio-metabolic systems as input for the
                new WHO environmental noise guidelines for the European Region.
                We identified 600 references relating to studies on effects of
                noise from road, rail and air traffic, and wind turbines on the
                cardio-metabolic system, published between January 2000 and
                August 2015. Only 61 studies, investigating different end
                points, included information enabling estimation of exposure
                response relationships. These studies were used for
                meta-analyses, and assessments of the quality of evidence using
                the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and
                Evaluation (GRADE). A majority of the studies concerned traffic
                noise and hypertension, but most were cross-sectional and
                suffering from a high risk of bias. The most comprehensive
                evidence was available for road traffic noise and Ischeamic
                Heart Diseases (IHD). Combining the results of 7 longitudinal
                studies revealed a Relative Risk (RR) of 1.08 (95% CI:
                1.01-1.15) per 10 dB (LDEN) for the association between road
                traffic noise and the incidence of IHD. We rated the quality of
                this evidence as high. Only a few studies reported on the
                association between transportation noise and stroke, diabetes,
                and/or obesity. The quality of evidence for these associations
                was rated from moderate to very low, depending on transportation
                noise source and outcome. For a comprehensive assessment of the
                impact of noise exposure on the cardiovascular and metabolic
                system, we need more and better quality evidence, primarily
                based on longitudinal studies.

# metadata.dc.relation.isformatof[].value
Reproducció del document publicat a:
                http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15020379

# metadata.dc.relation.ispartof[].value
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public
                Health, 2018, vol. 15, num. 2, p. E379

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
WHO Environmental Noise Guidelines for the European Region: A
                Systematic Review on Environmental Noise and Cardiovascular and
                Metabolic Effects: A Summary