# name
Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of
                Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma
                infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
BACKGROUND: Despite large-scale reductions in Chagas disease
                prevalence across Central and South America, Trypanosoma cruzi
                infection remains a considerable public health problem in the
                Gran Chaco region where vector-borne transmission persists. In
                these communities, peridomestic animals are major blood-meal
                sources for triatomines, and household presence of infected dogs
                increases T. cruzi transmission risk for humans. To address the
                pressing need for field-friendly, complementary methods to
                reduce triatomine infestation and interrupt T. cruzi
                transmission, this study evaluated the systemic activity of
                three commercial, oral, single dose insecticides Fluralaner
                (Bravecto(R)), Afoxolaner (NexGard(R)) and Spinosad
                (Comfortis(R)) in canine feed-through assays against Triatoma
                infestans, the principal domestic vector species in the Southern
                Cone of South America. METHODS: Twelve healthy, outbred dogs
                were recruited from the Zoonosis Surveillance and Control
                Program in Santa Cruz, Bolivia, and randomized to three
                treatment groups, each containing one control and three treated
                dogs. Following oral drug administration, colony-reared second
                and third stage T. infestans instars were offered to feed on
                dogs for 30 min at 2, 7, 21, 34 and 51 days post-treatment.
                RESULTS: Eighty-five per cent (768/907) of T. infestans
                successfully blood-fed during bioassays, with significantly
                higher proportions of bugs becoming fully-engorged when exposed
                to Bravecto(R) treated dogs (P < 0.001) for reasons unknown.
                Exposure to Bravecto(R) or NexGard(R) induced 100% triatomine
                mortality in fully- or semi-engorged bugs within 5 days of
                feeding for the entire follow-up period. The lethality effect
                for Comfortis(R) was much lower (50-70%) and declined almost
                entirely after 51 days. Instead Comfortis(R) treatment resulted
                in substantial morbidity; of these, 30% fully recovered whereas
                53% remained morbid after 120 h, the latter subsequently unable
                to feed 30 days later. CONCLUSIONS: A single oral dose of
                Fluralaner or Afoxolaner was safe and well tolerated, producing
                complete triatomine mortality on treated dogs over 7.3 weeks.
                While both drugs were highly efficacious, more bugs exposed to
                Fluralaner took complete blood-meals, and experienced rapid
                knock-down. Coupled with its longer residual activity,
                Fluralaner represents an ideal insecticide for development into
                a complementary, operationally-feasible, community-level method
                of reducing triatomine infestation and potentially controlling
                T. cruzi transmission, in the Gran Chaco region.

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
Systemic insecticide treatment of the canine reservoir of
                Trypanosoma cruzi induces high levels of lethality in Triatoma
                infestans, a principal vector of Chagas disease