# name
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries

# metadata.dc.contributor.author[].value
Local Burden of Disease Child Growth Failure Collaborators

# metadata.dc.description.abstract[].value
Childhood malnutrition is associated with high morbidity and mortality globally1
.
Undernourished children are more likely to experience cognitive, physical, and
metabolic developmental impairments that can lead to later cardiovascular disease,
reduced intellectual ability and school attainment, and reduced economic
productivity in adulthood2
. Child growth failure (CGF), expressed as stunting,
wasting, and underweight in children under fve years of age (0–59 months), is a
specifc subset of undernutrition characterized by insufcient height or weight
against age-specifc growth reference standards3–5
. The prevalence of stunting,
wasting, or underweight in children under fve is the proportion of children with a
height-for-age, weight-for-height, or weight-for-age z-score, respectively, that is more
than two standard deviations below the World Health Organization’s median growth
reference standards for a healthy population6
. Subnational estimates of CGF report
substantial heterogeneity within countries, but are available primarily at the frst
administrative level (for example, states or provinces)7
; the uneven geographical
distribution of CGF has motivated further calls for assessments that can match the
local scale of many public health programmes8
. Building from our previous work
mapping CGF in Africa9
, here we provide the frst, to our knowledge, mapped highspatial-resolution estimates of CGF indicators from 2000 to 2017 across 105 low- and
middle-income countries (LMICs), where 99% of afected children live1
, aggregated to
policy-relevant frst and second (for example, districts or counties) administrativelevel units and national levels. Despite remarkable declines over the study period,
many LMICs remain far from the ambitious World Health Organization Global
Nutrition Targets to reduce stunting by 40% and wasting to less than 5% by 2025. Large
disparities in prevalence and progress exist across and within countries; our maps
identify high-prevalence areas even within nations otherwise succeeding in reducing
overall CGF prevalence. By highlighting where the highest-need populations reside,
these geospatial estimates can support policy-makers in planning interventions that
are adapted locally and in efciently directing resources towards reducing CGF and its
health implications.

# metadata.dc.source[].value
Articles publicats en revistes (ISGlobal)

# metadata.dc.title[].value
Mapping child growth failure across low- and middle-income countries