Tubiana, MatteoMiguélez, ErnestMoreno Serrano, Rosina2022-02-012025-01-312022-010048-7333https://hdl.handle.net/2445/182839Innovation rarely happens through the actions of a single person. Innovators source ideas while interacting with peers at different levels and intensities. With a dataset of disambiguated inventors from 1980 to 2010 in European metropolitan areas, we assess the influence of their interactions with co-workers, organizations' colleagues, and geographically co-located peers on their productivity. By adding many fixed effects to control for unobserved heterogeneity, we uncover the importance of metropolitan areas knowledge for inventors' productivity, with firms and co-workers' network knowledge being less relevant. When the complexity and quality of knowledge are accounted for, the picture changes: proximate, social interactions become central.12 p.application/pdfengcc-by-nc-nd (c) Elsevier, 2022https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Gestió del coneixementAprenentatgeProductivitatKnowledge managementLearningProductivityinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7177982022-02-01info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess