Manzotti, CarolinaChulo, LaurinaLópez del Campo, RicardoTrias, IsabelPino Saladrigues, Marta delSaude, OfeliaBasílio, IracemaTchamo, NelsonLovane, LuciliaLorenzoni, CesaltinaFernandes, FabiolaSaco, AdelaRodrigo Calvo, María TeresaMarimon, LorenaIsmail, Mamudo R.Carrilho, CarlaRibera-Cortada, InmaculadaOrdi i Majà, JaumeRakislova, Natalia2026-02-202026-02-202022-10-272072-6694https://hdl.handle.net/2445/227123Penile squamous cell carcinomas (PSCC) are classified by the World Health Organization into two categories based on their relationship with the human papillomavirus (HPV): HPV-associated and HPV-independent. We compared a cohort of PSCC from Mozambique, a sub-Saharan country in southeast Africa with a high prevalence of HPV and HIV infection, and Spain, a country in southwestern Europe with a low prevalence of HPV and HIV, to study the distribution of the etiopathogenic categories of these tumors in both sites. A total of 79 PSCC were included in the study (28 from Mozambique and 51 from Spain). All cases underwent HPV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) testing, genotyping, and immunohistochemistry for p16 and p53. Any PSCC showing either p16 overexpression or HPV-DNA in PCR analysis was considered HPV-associated. Overall, 40/79 (50.6%) tumors were classified as HPV-associated and 39 (49.4%) as HPV-independent. The two sites showed marked differences: 25/28 (89.3%) tumors from Mozambique and only 15/51 (29.4%) from Spain were HPV-associated (p < 0.001). HPV16 was the most frequent HPV type identified in 64.0% (16/25) of the HPV-associated tumors from Mozambique, and 60.0% (9/15) from Spain (p = 0.8). On average, patients from Mozambique were almost two decades younger than those from Spain (mean age 50.9 ± 14.9 and 69.2 ± 13.3, respectively [p < 0.001]). In conclusion, significant etiopathogenic differences between PSCC in Mozambique and Spain were observed, with a remarkably high prevalence of HPV-associated tumors in Mozambique and a relatively low prevalence in Spain. These data may have important consequences for primary prevention of PSCC worldwide.11 p.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Manzotti Carolina et al., 2022http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/CàncerPapil·lomavirusCancerPapillomavirusesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7474402026-02-20info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess36358704