Lanuza, FabianMeroño, TomásZamora-Ros, RaulBondonno, Nicola P.Rostgaard-Hansen, Agnetha LinnSánchez Pla, AlexMiró, BertaCarmona Pontaque, FrancescRiccardi, GabrieleTjønneland, AnneLandberg, RikardHalkjær, JytteAndres-Lacueva, Cristina2024-02-092024-02-092023-09-080021-9150https://hdl.handle.net/2445/207373Background and aims: Plant-based dietary patterns have been associated with improved health outcomes. This study aims to describe the metabolomic fingerprints of plant-based diet indices (PDI) and examine their association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in a Danish population. Methods: The MAX study comprised 676 participants (55% women, aged 18-67 y) from Copenhagen. Sociodemographic and dietary data were collected using questionnaires and three 24-h dietary recalls over one year (at baseline, and at 6 and 12 months). Mean dietary intakes were computed, as well as overall PDI, healthful (hPDI) and unhealthful (uPDI) scores, according to food groups for each plant-based index. Clinical variables were also collected at the same time points in a health examination that included complete blood tests. MetS was defined according to the International Diabetes Federation criteria. Plasma metabolites were measured using a targeted metabolomics approach. Metabolites associated with PDI were selected using random forest models and their relationships with PDIs and MetS were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models. Results: The mean prevalence of MetS was 10.8%. High, compared to low, hPDI and uPDI scores were associated with a lower and higher odd of MetS, respectively [odds ratio (95%CI); hPDI: 0.56 (0.43-0.74); uPDI: 1.61 (1.26-2.05)]. Out of 411 quantified plasma metabolites, machine-learning metabolomics fingerprinting revealed 13 metabolites, including food and food-related microbial metabolites, like hypaphorine, indolepropionic acid and lignan-derived enterolactones. These metabolites were associated with all PDIs and were inversely correlated with MetS components (p < 0.05). Furthermore, they had an explainable contribution of 12% and 14% for the association between hPDI or uPDI, respectively, and MetS only among participants with overweight/obesity. Conclusions: Metabolites associated with PDIs were inversely associated with MetS and its components, and may partially explain the effects of plant-based diets on cardiometabolic risk factors.10 p.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Lanuza et al., 2023http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/Síndrome metabòlicaDietoteràpiaPlasma sanguiniMetabolic syndromeDiet therapyBlood plasmainfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7401742024-02-09info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess