García-Basteiro, Alberto L.López Varela, ElisaAugusto, OrvalhoGondo, KizitoMuñoz, JoséSacarlal, JahitMarais, Ben J.Alonso, PedroRibo Aristizabal, Jose Luis2016-02-042016-02-042015-05-281932-6203https://hdl.handle.net/2445/69242INTRODUCTION: Chest radiography remains a critical tool for diagnosing intrathoracic tuberculosis (TB) in young children who are unable to expectorate. We describe the radiological findings in children under 3 years of age investigated for TB in the district of Manhica, southern Mozambique, an area with a high prevalence of TB and HIV. METHODS: Digital antero-posterior and lateral projections were performed and reviewed by two independent readers, using a standardized template. Readers included a local pediatrician and a pediatric radiologist blinded to all clinical information. International consensus case definitions for intra-thoracic TB in children were applied. RESULTS: A total of 766 children were evaluated of whom 43 (5.6%) had TB. The most frequent lesion found in TB cases was air space consolidation (65.1%), followed by suggestive hilar lymphadenopathy (17.1%) and pleural effusion (7.0%). Air space consolidation was significantly more common in TB cases than in non-TB cases (odds ratio 8.9; 95% CI: 1.6-50.5), as were hilar lymphadenopathy (OR 17.2; 95% CI: 5.7-52.1). The only case with miliary infiltrates and 3 with pleural effusions occurred in HIV-infected children. CONCLUSION: Frequent air space consolidation complicates radiological distinction between TB and bacterial pneumonia in young children, underscoring the need for epidemiological contextualization and consideration of all relevant signs and symptoms.12 p.application/pdfengcc by (c) García-Basteiro et al., 2015http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/TuberculosiDiagnòstic radiològicMalalties dels infantsMoçambicRadiografiaTuberculosisRadiographyRadioscopic diagnosisChildren's diseasesMozambiqueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article6859362016-02-02info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess26020541