Salvat Gavaldà, FrancescQuesada, José Manuel2022-09-302022-09-302021-12-132296-424Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/2445/189531After a summary description of the theory of elastic collisions of nucleons with atoms, we present the calculation of a generic database of differential and integrated cross sections for the simulation of multiple elastic collisions of protons and neutrons with kinetic energies larger than 100 keV. The relativistic plane-wave Born approximation, with binding and Coulomb-deflection corrections, has been used to calculate a database of proton-impact ionization of K-shell and L-, M-, and N-subshells of neutral atoms These databases cover the whole energy range of interest for all the elements in the periodic system, from hydrogen to einsteinium (Z = 1-99); they are provided as part of the penh distribution package. The Monte Carlo code system penh for the simulation of coupled electron-photon-proton transport is extended to account for the effect of the transport of neutrons (released in proton-induced nuclear reactions) in calculations of dose distributions from proton beams. A simplified description of neutron transport, in which neutron-induced nuclear reactions are described as a fractionally absorbing process, is shown to give simulated depth-dose distributions in good agreement with those generated by the Geant4 code. The proton-impact ionization database, combined with the description of atomic relaxation data and electron transport in penelope, allows the simulation of proton-induced x-ray emission spectra from targets with complex geometries.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Salvat Gavaldà, Francesc et al., 2021https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/FotonsCol·lisions (Física nuclear)NeutronsPhotonsCollisions (Nuclear physics)Neutronsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7241152022-09-30info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess