Galatas, BeatrizNhamussua, LidiaCandrinho, BaltazarMabote, LurdesCisteró, PauGupta, HimanshuRabinovich, ReginaMenéndez, ClaraMacete, Eusebio VíctorSaute, FranciscoMayor Aparicio, Alfredo GabrielAlonso, PedroBassat Orellana, QuiqueAide, Pedro Carlos Paulino2017-05-122017-05-122017-05-022045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/2445/110933Recent reports regarding the re-emergence of parasite sensitivity to chloroquine call for a new consideration of this drug as an interesting complementary tool in malaria elimination efforts, given its good safety profile and long half-life. A randomized (2:1), single-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in Manhica, Mozambique, to assess the in-vivo efficacy of chloroquine to clear plasmodium falciparum (Pf) asymptomatic infections. Primary study endpoint was the rate of adequate and parasitological response (ACPR) to therapy on day 28 (PCR-corrected). Day 0 isolates were analyzed to assess the presence of the PfCRT-76T CQ resistance marker. A total of 52 and 27 male adults were included in the CQ and Placebo group respectively. PCR-corrected ACPR was significantly higher in the CQ arm 89.4% (95%CI 80-98%) compared to the placebo (p < 0.001). CQ cleared 49/50 infections within the first 72 h while placebo cleared 12/26 (LRT p < 0.001). The PfCRT-76T mutation was present only in one out of 108 (0.9%) samples at baseline, well below the 84% prevalence found in 1999 in the same area. This study presents preliminary evidence of a return of chloroquine sensitivity in Mozambican Pf isolates, and calls for its further evaluation in community-based malaria elimination efforts, in combination with other effective anti-malarials. TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicalTrials.gov NCT02698748.10 p.application/pdfengcc by (c) Galatas et al., 2017http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/es/MalàriaMoçambicMalariaMozambiqueinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article2017-05-10info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess28465550