Upadhyay, Manas VijaySlama, Meriem BenGaudez, SteveMohanan, NikhilYedra Cardona, LluisHallais, SimonHeripre, EvaTanguy, Alexandre2022-05-232022-05-232021-05-172045-2322https://hdl.handle.net/2445/185943Precipitates in an austenitic stainless steel fabricated via any Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, technique have been widely reported to be only Mn-Si-rich oxides. However, via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies on a 316L stainless steel, we show that non-oxide precipitates (intermetallics, sulfides, phosphides and carbides) can also form when the steel is fabricated via Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) a directed energy deposition-type AM technique. An investigation into their origin is conducted with support from precipitation kinetics and finite element heat transfer simulations. It reveals that non-oxide precipitates form during solidification/cooling at temperatures ≥ 0.75Tm (melting point) and temperature rates ≤ 105 K/s, which is the upper end of the maximum rates encountered during LMD but lower than those encountered during Selective Laser Melting (SLM) a powder-bed type AM technique. Consequently, non-oxide precipitates should form during LMD, as reported in this work, but not during SLM, in consistency with existing literature.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Upadhyay, Manas Vijay et al., 2021https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Impressió 3DSulfursMicroscòpia electrònicaThree-dimensional printingSulfidesElectron microscopyinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7150192022-05-23info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess