Risk prediction of major cardiac adverse events and all-cause death following covid-19 hospitalization at one year follow-up: The HOPE-2 score

Santoro, FrancescoNúñez Gil, IvánViana Llamas, María C.Alfonso Rodríguez, EmilioUribarri, AitorBecerra Muñoz, Victor ManuelGuzman, Gisela FeltesDi Nunno, NicolaLopez Pais, JavierCerrato, EnricoSinagra, GianfrancoMapelli, MassimoInciardi, Riccardo M.Specchia, ClaudiaOriecuia, ChiaraBrunetti, Natale Daniele2024-07-112024-07-112024-06-010953-6205https://hdl.handle.net/2445/214527Background: Long-term consequences of COVID-19 are still partly known. Aim of the study: To derive a clinical score for risk prediction of long-term major cardiac adverse events (MACE) and all cause death in COVID-19 hospitalized patients. Methods: 2573 consecutive patients were enrolled in a multicenter, international registry (HOPE-2) from January 2020 to April 2021 and identified as the derivation cohort. Five hundred and twenty-six patients from the CardioCovid-Italy registry were considered as external validation cohort. A long-term prognostic risk score for MACE and all cause death was derived from a multivariable regression model. Results: Out of 2573 patients enrolled in the HOPE-2 registry, 1481 (58 %) were male, with mean age of 60 +/- 16 years. At long-term follow-up, the overall rate of patients affected by MACE and/or all cause death was 7.8 %. After multivariable regression analysis, independent predictors of MACE and all cause death were identified. The HOPE-2 prognostic score was therefore calculated by giving: 1 -4 points for age class ( <65 years, 65 -74, 75 -84, >= 85), 3 points for history of cardiovascular disease, 1 point for hypertension, 3 points for increased troponin serum levels at admission and 2 points for acute renal failure during hospitalization. Score accuracy at ROC curve analysis was 0.79 (0.74 at external validation). Stratification into 3 risk groups ( <3, 3-6, >6 points) classified patients into low, intermediate and high risk. The observed MACE and all-cause death rates were 1.9 %, 9.4 % and 26.3 % for low- intermediate and high-risk patients, respectively (Log-rank test p < 0.01). Conclusions: The HOPE-2 prognostic score may be useful for long-term risk stratification in patients with previous COVID-19 hospitalization. High-risk patients may require a strict follow-up.7 p.application/pdfengcc by (c) Santoro, Francesco et al., 2024http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/es/COVID-19Aturada cardíacaCOVID-19Cardiac arrestRisk prediction of major cardiac adverse events and all-cause death following covid-19 hospitalization at one year follow-up: The HOPE-2 scoreinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article2024-07-11info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess38472045