Abdul Rahim, YassirFernández Aranda, FernandoJiménez-Murcia, SusanaHakänsson, Anders2024-01-222024-01-2220230033-3506https://hdl.handle.net/2445/206126Objectives: We aimed to examine potential relationships and gender differences between cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, obesity, respiratory-related disorders, and gambling disorder (GD). We hypothesized that (1) GD patients would be more likely than controls to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases; and (2) females with GD would be more likely than men with GD to have CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related diseases. Study design: National retrospective case-control study. Methods: We used data from the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare between 2005 and 2019. A total of 10,766 patients were included, and 3592 of them had GD. Every GD patient was matched with two age- and gender-matched controls. Patient data, including the history of medical diagnoses, were extracted. Descriptive statistics, Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare GD patients and controls. Results: GD patients had a higher prevalence of CVD and respiratory-related disorders than controls. Diabetes rates were 5% for GD patients and 2% for controls; CVD (18% vs 12%); respiratory-related disease (7% vs 4%); and obesity (7% vs 3%). Women with a diagnosis of GD have a higher prevalence of obesity and somatic comorbidities other than diabetes compared to men. Conclusions: This is the largest case-control study conducted to date showing GD patients have a higher prevalence of CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders than controls. Women with GD appear to be more susceptible than men to CVD, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders; however, this may be partially explained by differences in help-seeking behavior. Thus, our findings highlight the importance of early identification of GD patients who may also have somatic conditions requiring treatment. This can be accomplished by implementing a screening program for GD, CVD, diabetes, obesity, and respiratory-related disorders, and by including healthy lifestyle management strategies.6 p.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Royal Society for Public Health, 2023http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Jocs d'atzarMalalties cardiovascularsMalalties de l'aparell respiratoriGamblingCardiovascular diseasesRespiratory diseasesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7395862024-01-22info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess37716175