Leiva, CarlosPérez Portela, RocíoLemer, Sarah2023-09-182023-09-182023-07-222399-3642https://hdl.handle.net/2445/201986Ocean acidification, caused by anthropogenic CO 2 emissions, is predicted to have major consequences for reef-building corals, jeopardizing the scaffolding of the most biodiverse marine habitats. However, whether corals can adapt to ocean acidification and how remains unclear. We addressed these questions by re-examining transcriptome and genome data of Acropora millepora coral holobionts from volcanic CO2 seeps with end-of-century pH levels. We show that adaptation to ocean acidification is a wholistic process involving the three main compartments of the coral holobiont. We identified 441 coral host candidate adaptive genes involved in calcification, response to acidification, and symbiosis; population genetic differentiation in dinoflagellate photosymbionts; and consistent transcriptional microbiome activity despite microbial community shifts. Coral holobionts from natural analogues to future ocean conditions harbor beneficial genetic variants with far-reaching rapid adaptation potential. In the face of climate change, these populations require immediate conservation strategies as they could become key to coral reef survival.14 p.application/pdfengcc-by (c) Leiva, Carlos et al., 2023https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/Captura i emmagatzematge de diòxid de carboniCorallsOceansCanvi climàticCarbon sequestrationCoralsOceansClimatic changeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article7392252023-09-18info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess