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Title: | Happy Feet in a hostile world? The future of penguins depends on proactive management of current and predictable threats |
Author: | Ropert-Coudert, Yan Chiaradia, André Ainley, David Barbosa, Andrés Dee Boersma, P. Brasso, Rebecka Dewar, Meagan Ellenberg, Ursula García-Borboroglu, Pablo Emmerson, Louise Hickcox, Rachel Jenouvrier, Stephanie Kato, Akiko McIntosh, Rebecca Ruth Phoebe, Lewis Ramírez Benítez, Francisco José Ruoppolo, Valeria Ryan, Peter G. Seddon, Philip J. Sherley, Richard Brain Vanstreels, Ralph E.T. Waller, Lauren J. Woehler, Eric J. Trathan, Phil N. |
Keywords: | Pingüins Influència de l'home en la natura Canvi climàtic Penguins Effect of human beings on nature Climatic change |
Issue Date: | 28-May-2019 |
Abstract: | Penguins face a wide range of threats. Most observed population changes have been negative and have happened over the last 60 years. Today, populations of 11 penguin species are decreasing. Here we present a review that synthesizes details of threats faced by the world's 18 species of penguins. We discuss alterations to their environment at both breeding sites on land and at sea where they forage. The major drivers of change appear to be climate, and food web alterations by marine fisheries. In addition, we also consider other critical and/or emerging threats, namely human disturbance near nesting sites, pollution due to oil, plastics and chemicals such as mercury and persistent organic compounds. Finally, we assess the importance of emerging pathogens and diseases on the health of penguins. We suggest that in the context of climate change, habitat degradation, introduced exotic species and resource competition with fisheries, successful conservation outcomes will require new and unprecedented levels of science and advocacy. Successful conservation stories of penguin species across their geographical range have occurred where there has been concerted effort across local, national and international boundaries to implement effective conservation planning. |
Note: | Reproducció del document publicat a: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00248 |
It is part of: | Frontiers In Marine Science, 2019, vol. 6, num. 248 |
URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/2445/149181 |
Related resource: | https://doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2019.00248 |
ISSN: | 2296-7745 |
Appears in Collections: | Articles publicats en revistes (Biologia Evolutiva, Ecologia i Ciències Ambientals) |
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