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The Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona is the institutional repository that contains, in digital format, materials resulting from teaching, research and institutional activities of members of the university community.

Recent Submissions

Diseño y Evaluación de una Guía para un Abordaje Nutricional Inclusivo y no Gordofóbico
(2026-06) Rodríguez Gallardo, Olga; Gaspar, Maria Clara de Moraes Prata, 1985-
[spa] Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue diseñar y evaluar la primera guía para un abordaje nutricional inclusivo y no gordofóbico dirigido a estudiantes y profesionales de Nutrición Humana y Dietética en España. Métodos: La guía se desarrolló a partir de una revisión bibliográfica y mediante una metodología participativa que incorporó las aportaciones de docentes, investigadores/as, profesionales sanitarios, estudiantes, representantes institucionales y personas con experiencia vivida de estigma de peso. Asimismo, se evaluaron las percepciones y creencias de estudiantes y profesionales sobre la obesidad y la gordofobia mediante un cuestionario administrado antes y después de una formación basada en la guía. Resultados: La evaluación mostró una valoración global positiva de la guía y de la formación recibida, destacándose su utilidad, claridad y aplicabilidad en contextos académicos y asistenciales. Los resultados también evidenciaron cambios favorables en algunas percepciones relacionadas con la obesidad tras la intervención formativa, así como la importancia de promover un lenguaje inclusivo y una visión más amplia de la salud más allá del peso corporal. Conclusión e implicaciones: Los resultados refuerzan la necesidad de incorporar contenidos específicos sobre estigma de peso y atención nutricional inclusiva en la formación de futuros profesionales de la salud. [eng] Objective: The objective of this study was to design and evaluate the first guide for an inclusive and fatphobic nutritional approach aimed at students and professionals in Human Nutrition and Dietetics in Spain. Methods: The guide was developed from a literature review and using a participatory methodology that incorporated input from teachers, researchers, healthcare professionals, students, institutional representatives, and individuals with lived experience of weight stigma. The perceptions and beliefs of students and professionals regarding obesity and fatphobia were also assessed using a questionnaire administered before and after training based on the guide. Results: The evaluation showed an overall positive assessment of the guide and the training received, highlighting its usefulness, clarity, and applicability in academic and clinical settings. The results also demonstrated favorable changes in some perceptions related to obesity after the training intervention, as well as the importance of promoting inclusive language and a broader view of health beyond body weight. Conclusion and implications: The results reinforce the need to incorporate specific content on weight stigma and inclusive nutritional care into the training of future health professionals.
Hypertension, inflammation and vascular risk in inflammatory rheumatic diseases
(Elsevier, 2025-07-01) Cerdà, Dacia; Reina, Delia; Corominas, Héctor; Armario García, Pedro
Vascular risk is higher in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthritis, and psoriatic arthritis than in the general population. In addition to classical vascular risk factors, chronic inflammation plays a crucial role in increasing this risk. In rheumatoid arthritis, the prevalence of hypertension is 41%. Moreover, the prevalence of hypertension has been associated with the duration of spondyloarthritis, as well as the presence of severe psoriasis in psoriatic arthritis. Although some drugs used in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis, such as NSAIDs, glucocorticoids, and Jakinibs, have been associated with an increased vascular risk, their ability to reduce inflammatory activity contributes to a decreased vascular risk in these patients. These drugs should be used with caution, and risk stratification should be performed in patients with vascular risk factors.
Clinical effectiveness of intensive care unit admission in older adults with COVID-19 during the first pandemic wave in Spain
(BioMed Central, 2026-05-22) Arroyo Huidobro, Marta; Pérez-López, C.; Pallarès, Natàlia; Tebé, Cristian; Simonetti, Antonella Francesca; Abelenda Alonso, Gabriela; Rombauts, Alexander; Bermudez, Isabel Oriol; Izquierdo, Elisenda; Díaz Brito, Vicens; Molist, G.; Gómez Melis, Guadalupe; Videla, Sebastià; López-Soto, Alfonso; Carratalà, Jordi; Rodríguez-Molinero, Alejandro; Gudiol González, Carlota; Aranda-Lobo, Judit; Sanmartí, M.; Moreno, Encarna; Alvarez, M.C.; Faura, A.; González Bàrcenas, Martha; Cruz, P.; Colom, Mireia; Perez, Andrea; Serrano, L.; Besalú, Mireia; Cobo Valeri, Erik; Cortés Martínez, Jordi; Fernández-Martínez, Daniel; Garmendia, L.; Hereu Boher, Pilar; Langohr, Klaus; Pérez-Álvarez, Núria; Piulachs Lozada-Benavente, Xavier
Objective: To evaluate the impact of ICU admission on mortality and complications of older patients with COVID-19 hospitalized during the first COVID-19 wave in our setting. Methods :An observational, multicenter, and ambispective study of COVID-19 patients aged > 70 years who were hospitalized during the first wave of the pandemic in the southern metropolitan area of Barcelona, Spain. The primary outcome of the study was the in-hospital mortality rate of patients admitted to the ICU compared with their appropriately matched controls who received care in hospital wards. The secondary outcome was the in-hospital rate of complications in ICU-admitted patients versus their matched controls. Results: The mortality rate was 76.6% in ICU-admitted patients and 64.9% among their matched controls, whereas the corresponding rates of complications were 73.5% and 32.4%, respectively. ICU admission shows a statistically significant impact on mortality (OR [95% CI] 2.50 [1.06–6.05]; p = 0.041). Additionally, complications were four times more likely in patients who were admitted to ICUs than in those admitted to general wards (OR [95% CI] 4.03 [1.64–9.91]; p = 0.0024). Conclusions: ICU admission was not associated with improved survival in patients older than 70 years during the first COVID-19 wave. Further research is needed to confirm these findings and to assess the adequacy of ICU admission criteria for elderly patients.
Aprendre a través del joc: la gamificació com a estratègia educativa en l'educació forestal
(2023-07-03) Ortiz Heinz-Senss, Bernabé; Tutor Llistosella, Jaume; Llerena del Castillo, Germán
[cat] El present treball pretén desenvolupar una proposta gamificada en el context de l’educació forestal. L’ús de la gamificació permet aprendre en un espai segur i explorar les conseqüències de les nostres decisions sense patir els efectes directament. Aquest és un raonament molt útil quan el que es vol és conscienciar sobre l’impacte de l’activitat humana sobre els boscos i els ecosistemes per tal de mitigar els efectes de l’emergència climàtica. A partir de la metodologia treballada per diverses autores, aquest treball posa de manifest els elements, els mètodes, els raonaments i els mecanismes que han donat lloc al joc de taula anomenat Silvica’t, que treballa conceptes de l’edafologia, la biologia, l’ecologia i la relació ecosocial. [eng] The following work wants to develop a gamified proposition in the forestry education context. The use of gamification allows to learn in a safe place and explore the consequences of our decisions avoiding de direct effects on us. This is a useful reasoning when what is wanted is to raise awareness of the human activity impact on the forests and the ecosystems to mitigate the climate emergency effects. Based on the methodology proposed by several authors, this work highlights the elements, methods, reasoning, and mechanisms that have given rise to the board game called Silvica't, which works with concepts from edaphology, biology, ecology and the ecosocial relationship.
Models causals estructurals i resultats potencials
(2026-06-10) Vilar Ramirez, Mario; Vives i Santa Eulàlia, Josep, 1963-; Vitrià i Marca, Jordi
[cat] Aquest treball presenta una introducció teòrica a la inferència causal. El fil del treball és la distinció entre associació i causalitat: les dades observacionals poden mostrar regularitats, però no determinen per si soles què passaria sota una intervenció ni què hauria passat en un escenari contrafactual. A partir d’aquesta motivació, i a través de les diferents capes de la jerarquia causal de Pearl, es desenvolupen els models causals estructurals de Pearl, les xarxes bayesianes causals, la d-separació i el problema de la identificació d’efectes causals. També s’estudia el model de resultats potencials de Neyman-Rubin, el problema fonamental de la inferència causal, els estimands més utilitzats i el paper del mecanisme d’assignació. El treball posa especial èmfasi en la connexió entre aquests dos llenguatges i en les condicions que permeten transformar una pregunta causal en una expressió estimable a partir de dades observacionals. Es distingeixen estudis experimentals i observacionals. Abans d’estudiar el cas de les admissions a Berkeley, s’estudien aquests algoritmes d’identificació i la paradoxa de Simpson. Mostrem com les inferències permeses depenen de la pregunta causal i del model assumit. [spa] Este trabajo presenta una introducción teórica a la inferencia causal. El hilo conductor del trabajo es la distinción entre asociación y causalidad: los datos observacionales pueden mostrar regularidades, pero no determinan por sí solos qué pasaría bajo una intervención ni qué habría pasado en un escenario contrafactual. A partir de esta motivación, y a través de las diferentes capas de la jerarquía causal de Pearl, se desarrollan los modelos causales estructurales de Pearl, las redes bayesianas causales, la d-separación y el problema de la identificación de efectos causales. También se estudia el modelo de resultados potenciales de Neyman-Rubin, el problema fundamental de la inferencia causal, los estimandos más utilizados y el papel del mecanismo de asignación. El trabajo pone especial énfasis en la conexión entre estos dos lenguajes y en las condiciones que permiten transformar una pregunta causal en una expresión estimable a partir de datos observacionales. Se distinguen estudios experimentales y observacionales. Antes de estudiar el caso de las admisiones en Berkeley, se estudian estos algoritmos de identificación y la paradoja de Simpson. Mostramos cómo las inferencias permitidas dependen de la pregunta causal y del modelo asumido. [eng] This work presents a theoretical introduction to causal inference. The common thread of the dissertation is the distinction between association and causation: observational data may show regularities, but they do not by themselves determine what would happen under an intervention or what would have happened in a counterfactual scenario. Based on this motivation, and through the different layers of Pearl’s causal hierarchy, we develop Pearl’s structural causal models, causal Bayesian networks, d-separation, and the problem of identifying causal effects. The Neyman-Rubin potential outcomes framework is also studied, along with the fundamental problem of causal inference, the most commonly used estimands, and the role of the assignment mechanism. The work places special emphasis on the connection between these two frameworks and on the conditions that allow transforming a causal question into an estimable expression from observational data. Experimental and observational studies are distinguished. Before studying the case of Berkeley admissions, these identification algorithms and Simpson’s paradox are studied. We show how the permitted inferences depend on the causal question and the assumed model.