Anteproyecto de diseño de vivienda bioclimática en una finca rural de la Sierra de Aracena

Abstract

The aim of this work was to design, in a basic and synthesised way, a bioclimatic single-family house under the premise of improving the comfort of the inhabitants, maximising energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption. Furthermore, as it would be located in a rural system in the Dehesa of Sierra Morena, the main idea was to design both the house and the auxiliary systems by reducing the environmental impact, taking advantage of local resources and minimising the use of materials, systems and technologies that could negatively affect the environment and the ecosystems in which it is located. The following list is a summary of the main aspects that have been analysed and the conclusions reached from the study of the different active and passive technologies for the design of this bioclimatic house. • Aiming the circular economy, the idea was to make use of the existing foundations of the ruins of a 150-year-old building. However, given the degree of degradation of these foundations and their poor orientation in bioclimatic terms, it was decided to prioritise the south orientation for the passive design and another location was chosen. • Thanks to the model designed in HULC software, the good results of the semi-burial and the local materials have been confirmed, thanks to their high thermal inertia and thermal insulation properties. • Also, regarding the energy demand results obtained in HULC, it has been possible to check the solar gain of all the openings in the envelope of the house, regardless of their orientation. The software also made possible the sizing of the main overhang thanks to the solar gain contributions calculated for each of the models. The reduction of cooling demand has been prioritised over heating demand, with the use of shading elements in the main and secondary windows. • In view of the good bioclimatic design of the house and its reduced energy needs, the use of continuous air-conditioning systems, such as geothermal or aerothermal, has been discarded due to the impossibility of making them profitable in the short term. An installation of solar thermal panels for SHW (Sanitary Hot Water) production and photovoltaic panels for the electrification of the house has been dimensioned. This work has been developed around the concepts of passive architecture, circular economy, minimum environmental impact, energy efficiency and renewable energies, giving them the importance they should have in each and every one of the sectors involved in our economic and productive system to avoid climate cataclysm in future years.