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Potential health benefits from peanut and peanut butter-derived bioactive compounds and microbiota metabolites
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[eng] Peanuts are the most consumed nut worldwide and are widely regarded as a convenient, tasty, and easy snack that contain a variety of nutrients and bioactive compounds that are beneficial for human health. Among these compounds, polyphenols stand out for their potential health benefits in humans, however, their effects depend on their bio-accessibility and bioavailability. Polyphenols can either be absorbed or covalently bound to indigestible components of the food matrix (mainly dietary fibre), which prevents them from being absorbed by the small intestine, and instead, they reach the colon where they are metabolized by the microbiota and gives rise to new compounds known as microbial phenolic metabolites (MPMs) which can have beneficial effects on health or interact with the microbiota, and promote the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs).
Therefore, within the present dissertation we proposed to i) evaluate the impact of crushing peanuts on the bio-accessibility and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, including fatty acids and phenolic compounds; ii) study the effect of regular intake of peanuts and peanut butter on vascular health and iii) assess the impact of regular consumption of peanut and peanut butter on cognitive abilities, mood, and stress response. To achieve these aims, a parallel randomized controlled trial was carried out in healthy young adults. The intervention groups consumed either skin-roasted peanuts (SRP) or peanut butter (PB) with added skin, while the control group consumed a control butter made with peanut oil and without fiber and polyphenols. After 6 months, we evaluate their effects on vascular health biomarkers, cognitive abilities, mood, and stress response. Additionally, a systematic review and metanalyses of clinical trials was conducted to update the existing evidence regarding the effects of consuming peanuts and peanut butter on cardiovascular risk factors in healthy adults and those at high cardiovascular risk.
Overall, our findings suggested that i) Crushing peanuts appears to enhance the bioavailability of bioactive compounds. ii) SRP and PB consumption seem to have a positive impact on vascular health biomarkers among healthy adults and those at high cardiovascular risk; iii) The consumption of peanut products is associated with improved memory scores, lower levels of depression, anxiety, and cortisol. iv) The observed effects on vascular and mental health may be attributed to the bioactive compounds presented in peanuts and microbiota derived metabolites such as SCFAs and MPMs produced in higher proportion after SRP and PB consumption.
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PARILLI MOSER, Isabella. Potential health benefits from peanut and peanut butter-derived bioactive compounds and microbiota metabolites. [consulta: 11 de desembre de 2025]. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/204101]