Bibliographic study of lithium-ion batteries and their limitations

Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become essential components in modern portable energy systems, powering devices ranging from smartphones to electric vehicles. This study identifies critical challenges facing LIB technology, focusing on their types, technical characteristics, and limitations. The research begins with a detailed analysis of various LIB types, particularly those using graphite carbon anodes combined with multiple cathodes. Emphasis is placed on temperature control in LIBs, examining the effects of both low and high temperatures, as well as abusive conditions, on battery performance. Additionally, the study identifies major real-world accident causes such as the Samsung Galaxy Note 7 recall and issues with the Boeing 787 Dreamliner, enhancing understanding of inherent safety challenges. These case studies underscore the critical need for rigorous design and manufacturing quality assurance in batteries. It also includes simulations of thermal runaway in battery packs, highlighting how different cathode materials (LCO, LMO, LFP, and NMC) influence thermal stability. Findings emphasize the critical role of advanced simulation tools like COMSOL Multiphysics in enhancing LIB safety and efficiency. This work documents ongoing development towards safer and more efficient lithium-ion batteries, supporting the transition to renewable energy sources and cleaner technologies.