Understanding the CubeSat faint object population with 2-meter class telescope observations

Abstract

Context: The exponential growth in the number of CubeSats and very faint objects (VFOs) in orbit presents significant challenges for space traffic management and astronomical observations. Aims: This research aims to evaluate the feasibility of using 2-meter class telescopes for Space Surveillance and Tracking (SST) of CubeSats and VFOs. Methods: Observations were conducted using the Calar Alto (CAHA) 2.2m telescope and the 2m Liverpool Telescope (LT). For planning and pointings, Senplanner was used. Data reduction and astrometric analysis were performed using Gendared, and orbit determination was conducted with Sstod COTS. Results: The results demonstrate the capability of 2-meter class telescopes to detect and track CubeSats and VFOs. For instance, the LT showed residuals in right ascension ranging from -0.8 to 0.6 millidegrees, indicating high accuracy. The CAHA demonstrated reliable detection with residuals in right ascension from -2.2 to 3.1 millidegrees, showcasing the potential for improving SST with these telescopes. Conclusions: The study underscores the importance of larger telescopes in space traffic management, highlighting the need for longterm monitoring and consistent calibration. Future strategies should focus on improving observation techniques and expanding the network of large telescopes for comprehensive space surveillance.