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Classical anisotropies in models of open inflation
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In the simplest model of open inflation there are two inflaton fields decoupled from each other. One of them, the tunneling field, produces a first stage of inflation which prepares the ground for the nucleation of a highly symmetric bubble. The other, a free field, drives a second period of slow-roll inflation inside the bubble. However, the second field also evolves during the first stage of inflation, which to some extent breaks the needed symmetry. We show that this generates large supercurvature anisotropies which, together with the results of Tanaka and Sasaki, rule out this class of simple models (unless, of course, Omega0 is sufficiently close to 1). The problem does not arise in modified models where the second field does not evolve in the first stage of inflation.
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GARRIGA TORRES, Jaume and MUKHANOV, V. F. Classical anisotropies in models of open inflation. Physical Review D. 1997. Vol. 56, num. 4, pags. 2439. ISSN 0556-2821. [consulted: 9 of August of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/12338