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PTF11rka: An interacting supernova at the crossroads of stripped-envelope and H-poor superluminous stellar core collapses
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The hydrogen-poor supernova (SN) PTF11rka (z = 0.0744), reported by the Palomar Transient Factory, was observed with various telescopes starting a few days after the estimated explosion time of 2011 December 5 UT and up to 432 rest-frame days thereafter. The rising part of the light curve was monitored only in the RPTF filter band, and maximum in this band was reached ∼30 rest-frame days after the estimated explosion time. The light curve and spectra of PTF11rka are consistent with the core-collapse explosion of a ∼10 M carbon–oxygen core evolved from a progenitor of main-sequence mass 25–40 M, that liberated a kinetic energy Ek≈4 × 1051 erg, expelled ∼8 M of ejecta, and synthesized ∼0.5 M of 56Ni. The photospheric spectra of PTF11rka are characterized by narrow absorption lines that point to suppression of the highest ejecta velocities ( 15 000 km s−1). This would be expected if the ejecta impacted a dense, clumpy circumstellar medium. This in turn caused them to lose a fraction of their energy (∼5 × 1050 erg), less than 2 per cent of which was converted into radiation that sustained the light curve before maximum brightness. This is reminiscent of the superluminous SN 2007bi, the light-curve shape and spectra of which are very similar to those of PTF11rka, although the latter is a factor of 10 less luminous and evolves faster in time. PTF11rka is in fact more similar to gamma-ray burst SNe in luminosity, although it has a lower energy and a lower Ek/Mej ratio.
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PIAN, E., MAZZALI, P.a., MORIYA, T.j., RUBIN, A., GAL-YAM, A., ARCAVI, I., BEN-AMI, S., BLAGORODNOVA MUJORTOVA, Nadejda, BUFANO, F., FILIPPENKO, A.v., KASLIWAL, M., KULKARNI, S.r., LUNNAN, R., MANULIS, I., MATHESON, T., NUGENT, P.e., OFEK, E., PERLEY, D.a., PRENTICE, S.j., YARON, O.. PTF11rka: An interacting supernova at the crossroads of stripped-envelope and H-poor superluminous stellar core collapses. _Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society_. 2020. Vol. 497, núm. 3. [consulta: 27 de gener de 2026]. ISSN: 0035-8711. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/221759]