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A potent fluorescent transmembrane HCl transporter perturbs cellular pH and promotes cancer cell death
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A series of fluorescent coumarin bis-ureas 1-4 have been synthesised, and their anion transport properties studied. The compounds function as highly potent HCl co-transport agents in lipid bilayer membranes. Single crystal X-ray diffraction of compound 1 showed antiparallel stacking of the coumarin rings, stabilised by hydrogen bonds. Binding studies, using 1H-NMR titration, showed moderate chloride binding in DMSO-d6/0.5% with 1 : 1 binding mode (for transporter 1) and 1 : 2 binding mode (host: guest, for transporters 2-4). We examined the cytotoxicity of compounds 1-4 against three cancer cell lines, lung adenocarcinoma (A549), colon adenocarcinoma (SW620) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7). The most lipophilic transporter, 4 showed a cytotoxic effect against all three cancer cell lines. Cellular fluorescence studies showed compound 4 crossed the plasma membrane and localised in the cytoplasm after a short time. Interestingly, compound 4, lacking any lysosome targeting groups, was co-localised with LysoTracker Red at 4 and 8 h in the lysosome. Cellular anion transport of compound 4 was assessed by measuring intracellular pH and showed a decrease in cellular pH, which may be due to the capacity of transporter 4 to co-transport HCl across biological membranes, as evidenced by the liposomal studies.
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GALE, Philip a., FARES, Mohamed, WU, Xin, MCNAUGHTON, Daniel a., GILCHRIST, Alexander m., LEWIS, William, KELLER, Paul a., ARIAS-BETANCUR, Alain, FONTOVA, Pere, PÉREZ-TOMÁS, Ricardo. A potent fluorescent transmembrane HCl transporter perturbs cellular pH and promotes cancer cell death. _Organic & Biomolecular Chemistry_. 2023. Vol. 21, núm. 12, pàgs. 2509-2515. [consulta: 21 de gener de 2026]. ISSN: 1477-0520. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/208114]