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2022-11-20

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cc-by (c) Farré Ventura, Ramon et al., 2022
Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/201580

Experimental Models to Study End-Organ Morbidity in Sleep Apnea: Lessons Learned and Future Directions.

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https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms232214430

Abstract

Sleep apnea (SA) is a very prevalent sleep breathing disorder mainly characterized by intermittent hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation, with ensuing systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune deregulation. These perturbations promote the risk of end-organ morbidity, such that SA patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular, neurocognitive, metabolic and malignant disorders. Investigating the potential mechanisms underlying SA-induced end-organ dysfunction requires the use of comprehensive experimental models at the cell, animal and human levels. This review is primarily focused on the experimental models employed to date in the study of the consequences of SA and tackles 3 different approaches. First, cell culture systems whereby controlled patterns of intermittent hypoxia cycling fast enough to mimic the rates of episodic hypoxemia experienced by patients with SA. Second, animal models consisting of implementing realistic upper airway obstruction patterns, intermittent hypoxia, or sleep fragmentation such as to reproduce the noxious events characterizing SA. Finally, human SA models, which consist either in subjecting healthy volunteers to intermittent hypoxia or sleep fragmentation, or alternatively applying oxygen supplementation or temporary nasal pressure therapy withdrawal to SA patients. The advantages, limitations, and potential improvements of these models along with some of their pertinent findings are reviewed.

Subject

Síndromes d'apnea del son, Trastorns del son, Fisiologia del son, Models animals en la investigació, Factors de risc en les malalties

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Sleep apnea syndromes, Sleep disorders, Sleep physiology, Animal models in research, Risk factors in diseases

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Articles publicats en revistes (Biomedicina)
Articles publicats en revistes (IDIBAPS: Institut d'investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer)

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FARRÉ VENTURA, Ramon, et al. Experimental Models to Study End-Organ Morbidity in Sleep Apnea: Lessons Learned and Future Directions. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2022. Vol. 23, num. 22, pags. 14430. ISSN 1661-6596. [consulted: 18 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/201580

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