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Probing quantum gravity using photons from a flare of the active galactic nucleus Markarian 501 observed by the MAGIC telescope
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We analyze the timing of photons observed by the MAGIC telescope during a flare of the active galactic nucleus Mkn 501 for a possible correlation with energy, as suggested by some models of quantum gravity (QG), which predict a vacuum refractive index similar or equal to 1 + (E/M-QGn)(n), n = 1, 2. Parametrizing the delay between gamma-rays of different energies as Delta t = +/-tau E-1 or Delta t = +/-tau E-q(2), we find tau(1) = (0.030 +/- 0.012) s/GeV at the 2.5-sigma level, and tau(q) = (3.71 +/- 2.57) x 10(-6) s/GeV2, respectively. We use these results to establish lower limits M-QG1 > 0.21 X 10(18) GeV and M-QG2 > 0.26 x 10(11) GeV at the 95% C.L. Monte Carlo studies confirm the MAGIC sensitivity to propagation effects at these levels. Thermal plasma effects in the source are negligible, but we cannot exclude the importance of some other source effect.
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ALBERT, J., ALIU, E., ANTORANZ, P., BAIXERAS DIVAR, Carmen, BARRIO, J. a., BORDAS COMA, Pol, BOSCH I RAMON, Valentí, ERRANDO, M., FONSECA, M. v., FONT, L., GARCÍA LÓPEZ, R. j., GAUG, Markus, HERRERO, Artemio, LAILLE, A., MARTINEZ, Manuel, MAZIN, D., MORALEJO, Abelardo, PAREDES I POY, Josep maria, RIBÓ GOMIS, Marc, ZABALZA DE TORRES, Víctor. Probing quantum gravity using photons from a flare of the active galactic nucleus Markarian 501 observed by the MAGIC telescope. _Physics Letters B_. 2008. Vol. 668, núm. 4, pàgs. 253-257. [consulta: 21 de gener de 2026]. ISSN: 0370-2693. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/44964]