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Mixed-order phase transition in a colloidal crystal
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Mixed-order phase transitions display a discontinuity in the order parameter like first-order transitions yet feature critical behavior like second-order transitions. Such transitions have been predicted for a broad range of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems, but their experimental observation has remained elusive. Here, we analytically predict and experimentally realize a mixed-order equilibrium phase transition. Specifically, a discontinuous solid-solid transition in a 2D crystal of paramagnetic colloidal particles is induced by a magnetic field HH. At the transition field HsHs, the energy landscape of the system becomes completely flat, which causes diverging fluctuations and correlation length ξ∝|H2−H2s|−1/2ξ∝|H2−Hs2|−1/2. Mean-field critical exponents are predicted, since the upper critical dimension of the transition is du=2du=2. Our colloidal system provides an experimental test bed to probe the unconventional properties of mixed-order phase transitions.
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ALERT ZENÓN, Ricard, TIERNO, Pietro, CASADEMUNT I VIADER, Jaume. Mixed-order phase transition in a colloidal crystal. _Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America - PNAS_. 2017. Vol. 114, núm. 49, pàgs. 12906-12909. [consulta: 25 de febrer de 2026]. ISSN: 0027-8424. [Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/118933]