Stringy Running Vacuum Model and current Tensions in Cosmology

Abstract

We discuss the potential alleviation of both the Hubble and the growth of galactic structure data tensions observed in the current epoch of cosmology in the context of the so-called stringy running vacuum model (RVM) of cosmology. This is a gravitational field theory coupled to matter, which, at early eras, contains gravitational (Chern–Simons (CS) type) anomalies and torsion, arising from the fundamental degrees of freedom of the massless gravitational multiplet of an underlying microscopic string theory. The model leads to RVM type inflation without external inflatons, arising from the quartic powers of the Hubble parameter that characterize the vacuum energy density due to primordial-gravitational-wave-induced anomaly CS condensates, and dominate the inflationary era. In modern eras, of relevance to this work, the gravitational anomalies are cancelled by chiral matter, generated at the end of the RVM inflationary era, but cosmic radiation and other matter fields are still responsible for a RVM energy density with terms exhibiting a quadratic-power-of-Hubble-parameter dependence, but also products of the latter with logarithmic H-dependencies, arising from potential quantum-gravity and quantum-matter loop effects. In this work, such terms are examined phenomenologically from the point of view of the potential alleviation of the aforementioned current tensions in cosmology. Using standard information criteria, we find that these tensions can be substantially alleviated in a way consistent not only with the data, but also with the underlying microscopic theory predictions, associated with the primordial dynamical breaking of supergravity that characterize a pre-RVM-inflationary phase of the model.