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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/185943
Non-oxide precipitates in additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel
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Precipitates in an austenitic stainless steel fabricated via any Additive Manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, technique have been widely reported to be only Mn-Si-rich oxides. However, via Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies on a 316L stainless steel, we show that non-oxide precipitates (intermetallics, sulfides, phosphides and carbides) can also form when the steel is fabricated via Laser Metal Deposition (LMD) a directed energy deposition-type AM technique. An investigation into their origin is conducted with support from precipitation kinetics and finite element heat transfer simulations. It reveals that non-oxide precipitates form during solidification/cooling at temperatures ≥ 0.75Tm (melting point) and temperature rates ≤ 105 K/s, which is the upper end of the maximum rates encountered during LMD but lower than those encountered during Selective Laser Melting (SLM) a powder-bed type AM technique. Consequently, non-oxide precipitates should form during LMD, as reported in this work, but not during SLM, in consistency with existing literature.
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UPADHYAY, Manas Vijay, et al. Non-oxide precipitates in additively manufactured austenitic stainless steel. Scientific Reports. 2021. Vol. 11, num. 1, pags. 10393. ISSN 2045-2322. [consulted: 11 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/185943