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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/197789
The state does not live by warfare alone: War and revenue in the long nineteenth century
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Previous research shows that wars contributed to the expansion of state revenues in the Early Modern period and in the twentieth century. There are, however, few cross-national studies on the long nineteenth century. Using new unbalanced panel data on wars and public revenues from 1816 to 1913 for 27 American and European countries, this article provides new evidence that military conflicts very rarely triggered lasting increases in public revenues during those years. We argue that the uneven diffusion of military innovations reduced the probability that international wars would be sufficiently intense to push state actors to seek additional resources. Moreover, the distinction between international and civil wars was blurred by the opportunities for non-state actors to mobilize military forces comparable to those of the state. Therefore, only very intense international and civil wars had a lasting impact on state revenues, but such conflicts were extremely rare, both in Europe and the Americas.
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GOENAGA, Agustín, SABATÉ DOMINGO, Oriol and TEORELL, Jan. The state does not live by warfare alone: War and revenue in the long nineteenth century. The Review of International Organizations. 2023. Vol. 18, num. 393-418. ISSN 1559-7431. [consulted: 13 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/197789