Bibliographic search of transition metal based catalysts for carbon-carbon coupling reactions

Abstract

The reactions that link a carbon of one organic molecule with the carbon of another, resulting in the bonding of the two compounds, are known as carbon-carbon cross-coupling reactions and are carried out with the assistance of a catalyst composed of a transition metal complex. The most common reaction mechanism is a catalytic cycle in which the metallic palladium species serves as the initiator of the process. The conditions surrounding the palladium complex are crucial for the future of the reaction, as evidenced by an exhaustive earch of Stille and Sonogashira reactions in the Reaxys database to understand which ligands, solvents, substrates, and experimental conditions enhance the reaction yield. Special attention has been given to the turnover number (TON), which refers to the number of times the catalyst can react with the substrate within a given period of time. The aim has been to identify catalytic systems with a higher TON value, as palladium is an expensive metal and minimizing its usage in catalytic cycles is desirable.