Design and Validation of a Mechanical Ventilator for Pandemic Emergencies in Low-Resource Settings Using Commonly Available Components

Abstract

This project introduces the design and validation of a cost-effective mechanical ventilator explicitly developed for emergency use in low-resource settings during pandemics and compassive use. It aims to provide a practical, easy-to-manufacture solution in environments where traditional medical equipment is either unavailable or unaffordable due to logistical, economic, or supply chain barriers. The ventilator is primarily constructed from widely available automotive parts, including windshield wiper motors and bellows. Two versions of the device were created: one for adults and a smaller, adapted model for neonates. Core ventilation parameters (tidal volume, breathing rate, and airway pressure) can be adjusted using simple mechanical and electrical controls. Performance was evaluated through a series of tests using artificial lung models under various simulated clinical conditions. The results showed consistent delivery of target volumes and pressures, with reliable operation across a range of breathing frequencies. Although the ventilator is not certified for hospital use, it demonstrates significant potential as an emergency respiratory support tool in humanitarian crises. Its design emphasizes simplicity, affordability, and adaptability, offering a feasible alternative for resource-limited healthcare environments