Synthesis of LHOIPs with sustainable divalent transition metals for energy storage applications

Abstract

As discussed throughout this work, this research stems from the current complex global situation. We are in a context marked by a heavy reliance on fossil fuels. This factor, combined with constant population growth and industrial demand, makes the transition to renewable energy an environmental urgency. Consequently, there is a critical need for materials capable of storing energy efficiently. This work is based on the synthesis of a series of hybrid perovskites using different divalent metals selected for this study. The structure of these perovskites consists of alternating inorganic layers between two hydrocarbon chains. These compounds are of particular interest because they exhibit a solid-solid phase change with high enthalpy values and minimal volume variations, which are essential characteristics for energy storage. The primary objective is to identify the metal that provides the perovskite with the best properties for heat storage. Therefore, once the synthesis was completed to obtain crystals with the desired metals, the corresponding characterisation studies were carried out. Following the analysis of the results, it was determined that the Zn samples show the highest enthalpy and specific heat values. This indicates a superior heat storage capacity and optimal thermal stability compared to the other metals studied. The Mn and Cu samples also showed very favourable results, although slightly lower than those of Zn. In contrast, the Fe samples showed lower storage capacity and presented difficulties during the synthesis process. Finally, the Ni and Mg samples were completely discarded due to their low stability, structural disorder, and poor reproducibility of the experimental measurements. In conclusion, Zn stands out as the most suitable metal for producing perovskites aimed at thermal energy storage.