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Nguemismo. Las dictaduras de Macías Nguema y Teodoro Obiangen Guinea Ecuatorial: continuidades y rupturas (1968-2023)
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[spa] Este artículo trata de clarificar las semejanzas y diferencias entre las dos dictaduras postcoloniales de Guinea Ecuatorial: la de Macías Nguema (1968-1979) y la de Teodoro Obiang (a partir de 1979). Algunos estudiosos y opositores las han englobado bajo el término nguemismo, considerándolas un mismo régimen, ya que Teodoro Obiang pertenece al mismo clan que Macías, fue un alto cargo macista e incorporó a su Gobierno a numerosos cuadros de la dictadura de Macías. No obstante, aunque ambos regímenes se caracterizan por altos niveles de represión, hay diferencias sustanciales entre ambos. No sólo adoptaron posiciones diferentes en política exterior (el régimen de Macías se aproximó a los No Alineados y el de Obiang colaboró más con Occidente), sino que también mantuvieron relaciones distintas con los grupos de poder del país. En tanto que el macismo se enfrentó a los jefes tradicionales, a la Iglesia, a los poderes económicos y a los cuadros formados en Europa, Obiang prefirió colaborar con ellos, aunque sometiéndolos a su control; y esto le ha permitido ejercer el poder con menores dosis de represión.
[eng] This article seeks to clarify the similarities and differences between the two postcolonial dictatorships in Equatorial Guinea: the regime of Macías Nguema (1968-1979) and that of Teodoro Obiang (since 1979). Some scholars and opponents have grouped them under the term nguemismo, considering them to be the same regime. This understanding is rooted in Teodoro Obiang's belonging to the same clan as Macias, his high-ranking position within Macias's regime, and the inclusion of many figures from Macias’s dictatorship in Obiang’s own government. However, despite both being marked by high levels of repression, significant differences exist between the two regimes. Not only did they adopt different positions in foreign policy (the Macias regime leaned towards the Non-Aligned Movement while Obiang's collaborated more with the West) but they also maintained different relationships with the power groups within the country. While macismo confronted traditional chiefs, the Church, economic powers, and Europeaneducated cadres, Obiang preferred to collaborate with them, albeit subjecting them to his control. This approach has enabled him to wield power with lesser degrees of repression.
[eng] This article seeks to clarify the similarities and differences between the two postcolonial dictatorships in Equatorial Guinea: the regime of Macías Nguema (1968-1979) and that of Teodoro Obiang (since 1979). Some scholars and opponents have grouped them under the term nguemismo, considering them to be the same regime. This understanding is rooted in Teodoro Obiang's belonging to the same clan as Macias, his high-ranking position within Macias's regime, and the inclusion of many figures from Macias’s dictatorship in Obiang’s own government. However, despite both being marked by high levels of repression, significant differences exist between the two regimes. Not only did they adopt different positions in foreign policy (the Macias regime leaned towards the Non-Aligned Movement while Obiang's collaborated more with the West) but they also maintained different relationships with the power groups within the country. While macismo confronted traditional chiefs, the Church, economic powers, and Europeaneducated cadres, Obiang preferred to collaborate with them, albeit subjecting them to his control. This approach has enabled him to wield power with lesser degrees of repression.
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NERÍN, Gustau. Nguemismo. Las dictaduras de Macías Nguema y Teodoro Obiangen Guinea Ecuatorial: continuidades y rupturas (1968-2023). Rubrica Contemporánea. 2024. Vol. XIII, núm. 27, pàgs. 1-21. ISSN 2014-5748. [consulta: 12 de maig de 2026]. Disponible a: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/226772