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Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/188574
Working from home in European countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
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We use data from the EU Labour Force Survey for 8 countries and document the levels of working from home in the sample countries, industries, and occupations in the 2011-2019 period and its changes in 2020, the year when the COVID-19 pandemic started. We show that there are significant differences in working from home across countries, industries, and occupations and that working from home has increased almost everywhere in the 2011-2019 period and more significantly in 2020. Countries that had the lowest levels of working from home in 2019 enacted the most stringent stay-home and workplace closure policies and experienced the largest growth rates in working from home in 2020. Finally, we compute a measure of working from home capacity for the sample countries using the observed working from home levels.
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JERBASHIAN, Vahagn and VILALTA-BUFÍ, Montserrat. Working from home in European countries before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. UB Economics – Working Papers. 2022. Vol. E22/427. [consulted: 10 of June of 2026]. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/2445/188574